What sorts of ethical problems are posed by the fact of cultural Essay

What sorts of ethical problems are posed by the fact of cultural pluralism and how might the ethicist (that's you) respond to them - Essay Example This also raises the issue of cultural pluralism, moral absolution and ethical relativism which need to be understood from the wider perspective of pluralistic society and the ethical challenges that are posed. Cultural pluralism broadly defines the social structure that is distinct in its diversity vis-Ã  -vis culture, race and color. The cultural differentiation in the fast transforming political system has become a reality, As such, the autonomy of individuals irrespective of their color, race and culture is not only desirable but must be incorporated within the socio-cultural and legal paradigm of the region. Equal rights and freedom to speech and actions become essential components of societal norms. The states must therefore promote these values for peaceful co-existence. Philosophers have myriad views on the topic. Rawls (1993) believes that state must not intervene in personal choices of individual regarding their religion, culture etc. The actions of individuals must be rational such that they do not have adverse impact on others. But this may also produce ethical dilemma between moral absolution and ethic relativism. Moral absolutism supports normative ethics and believes that actions are either right or wrong. Kantian utilitarian theory (Schneewind, 1990) emphasizes moral obligations and asserts that actions that result in the good of maximum number of people are correct. This does not give way to doubts which in reality, is a very possible fact. It is especially true in the era of cultural diversity where moral relativism has emerged as critical aspect of one’s actions. Cultural pluralism highlights the different ideologies of various cultures that may view their actions differently as opposed to others. For example, polygamy is moral obligation in some community whereas in West, it is ethically wrong. Thus, challenge of moral relativism always exists in pluralistic culture. Ethical relativism also promotes the concept of differing views

Ramadan Celebration Essay Example for Free

Ramadan Celebration Essay Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic Calendar, is considered as one of the holiest months of the year. In this month when the prophet Muhammad was said to have received the holy book (Quran). Each day during Ramadan, followers of Islam, known as Muslims, do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset; they are also supposed to avoid bad thoughts and bad behavior. Muslims break their daily fasts by sharing meals with family and friends. During Ramadan Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. All Muslims who have reached puberty and are in good health are required to fast. At sunset, families get together to break the fast known as Ifatr. You start eating with two or more dates like the Prophet Peace Be Upon use to do. The Ifatr meals consist on milk, water, dates, and desserts. (A team of cardiologists in the UAE found that people observing Ramadan enjoy a positive effect on their lipid profile, which means there is a reduction of cholesterol in the blood) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan It is very important in Ramadan to pray 5 times daily, and recite Quran every day. Ramadan helps us become patient and washes away our bad deeds. It reminds us of the people that are starving and teaches us that how lucky we are that Allah-Tallah provided us with these benefits and help us become better Muslim. After the Ifatri you go to Mosque and pray Magrib and Isha to complete your fast. Thirdly, in Ramadan avoid bad thoughts and bad behavior. Respect your elder and listen to them, you are not allowed to use foul language or hit someone. Keep your mind away from the bad thoughts and the best way to do that is pray and keep saying Allahakabar, Alhumdullah, and Astagfirullah it will keep your mind away from bad thoughts. In Quran Allah- Tallah said if one does not abandon falsehood in words and deeds, Allah has no need for his abandoning of his food and drink.

Blue Monday Strip by Rebecca Horn: Themes and Techniques

Blue Monday Strip by Rebecca Horn: Themes and Techniques Artist: Rebecca Horn. Title/Date: Blue Monday Strip, 1993. Materials: Typewriters, ink, metal, and motors. Dimensions: 192 1/8 x 137 inches. Site: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Provenance: Gift of the artist. Introduction to Blue Monday Strip by Rebecca Horn The work of Rebecca Horn is appealing to many in the art world. To me, it is appealing in ways that I, as a fellow artist, find particularly compelling; although we work in different media, a common theme seems to resonate when I observe her work and compare it to my own. There is a sense of the fleeting nature of our corporeal existence against a background of the mundane details of life. Her works are animated, though in a much different way than my own art is ‘animated’ The sense of activity and movement I see in her work is something that is appealing and energizing. It brings to mind the limitations of the human body, yet at the same time it brings to light the concept that human activity goes on, even though we as individuals do not. According to one biographer/critic, Horn’s work is ‘located in the nexus between body and machine’, and it ‘transmogrifies the ordinary into the enigmatic’ (Ragheb, 1993). Horn’s ability to do this with such deft yet subtle precision is part of her appeal to me as a practitioner. She can take everyday objects and juxtapose them with such uniqueness that viewers look at them in new ways. Doing this within my own medium is something I can strive for, and hope on some level to achieve; what she has done with her sculpture, in her unique way, sets a standard I can aspire to in my own chosen medium. Nowhere is this more apparent than in Blue Monday Strip, a 1993 piece that was a gift from Horn to the Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Blue Monday Strip: Salient characteristics of Form and Content Horn’s piece, Blue Monday Strip, was actually a gift that the artist bestowed upon the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. This dynamic work measures, in inches, 192 1/8th by 137, and is composed of ‘everyday’ (although some are somewhat dated) materials: older, or ‘vintage’ typewriters, ink, metal, and motors. A crucial aspect of this particular piece is that it is mechanized, so there is movement: it is essentially, animated, and in quite a literal sense. As an animator, this is a feature that is important to me. Ragheb has described Blue Monday Strip as a group of ‘vintage typewriters’ that ‘are liberated from the orderly office world and set akimbo, transformed into an unruly lot whose keys chatter ceaselessly in a raucous dialogue’ (1993). The monotony of the droning typewriters is clearly symbolic of the relentless sameness that was at one time experienced by the secretaries who operated them each week, starting on the first day of the work cycle—the ‘blue Monday’ An occasional splotch of blue paint—presumably ink? Might we go so far as to say sweat, or possibly tears?—breaks the monotony. The ability to breathe life into inanimate forms in such an effective and dramatic way is something that I, as an animator, find truly compelling. Another feature of Horn’s work that appeals to me is her sense of perspective; her work is based in reality—a quantifiable and verifiable reality, as I would like mine to be. In other words, much of modern art has been criticized for its abstract qualities; often a sculpture or painting will be impossible to describe until we read the title. Then we can say, ‘oh, yes, it’s clearly a pear, anyone can see that’—when in reality it looks nothing like a pear at all. Horn’s work does not have this type of abstractness: its primary components are easily identified as typewriters, but because of the mode of presentation, we are forced into seeing them in a new way. As Winterson has written, ‘art has the knack of helping us to see what we would normally miss. . . Artists see better than we do, and help us to look twice. Horns way of seeing is to go past the sensible, obvious arrangements of objects and people, and rearrange them in a way that is not obvious at all’ (Winterson, 2005). In this specific piece, the objects before us are authentic, but they are in an unusual setting, one which calls attention to them and forces us to consider them in unusual ways. Blue Monday Strip is, as the title suggests, a ‘strip’, or section, of a life that includes not just one, but several typewriters. What does this suggest, other than an office? An office on a blue Monday? A setting in which individuals—most likely women—find themselves trapped again and again, Monday after Monday, with little likelihood of change beyond the Saturday and Sunday that separate the weeks. This is the kind of thought process I would like to spark with my own work—it need not be mysterious to the viewer; it need be nothing more than what it appears to the average eye. But to those who care, or dare, to look, it will suggest ideas and themes in subtle, yet consciously planned ways. As Ragheb says of Horn’s sculpture, the viewer can see a disorganized row of machines and nothing more; or, he or she can see something further. One can feel the drain of wasted lives, the emptiness of disappointed hopes, the frustration of unfulfilled desire, by taking a second look at the forlorn collection of typewriters: ‘Whether mechanomorphic bodies or anthropomorphic machines, all of Horn’s works are fraught with sexual allusions and the ache of desire’ (Ragheb). Horn’s career has spanned over three decades, and though she has experimented with form and theme throughout, she has returned again and again to somatic themes. At times, her work is a celebration of the body, in respectful, awed praise of its power; at others, it seems a reproachful and cynical statement on the treachery of the body. Ideas, Practices, and Issues Relating to the Body Horn’s early reading stirred an interest in Surrealism and the absurd; this was further inspired in young adulthood, when she was introduced to the works of Franz Kafka and Jean Genet, and by the films of Luis Buà ±uel and Pier Paolo Pasolini (Ragheb). The absurdist philosophies of Kafka and Genet, and the obscure themes of Buà ±uel and Pasolini, are evident to a great extent in all of her works. Yet what affected her life and her work most was what she has interpreted as a betrayal of her own body. In an interview with Jeanette Winterson last year, Horn described two of the key events that caused a change in the course of her life and work. First was the onset, at age 20[i], of a serious lung condition. This was the result of working, by her own account, unprotected, with glass fibre. No one had told her that it was a dangerous material. As a result, after a period of intense work, while living in a cheap hotel in Barcelona—‘one of those hotels where you rent rooms by the hour’—she found herself dangerously ill. During this unfortunate period, she also found herself alone—both parents had died. ‘I was totally isolated’, she told Winterson. To recuperate, she was forced to spend time in a sanatorium, a setting in which her sense of isolation was magnified. This enforced period of extended rest became an experience that ultimately led her to consider the workings of the body in a new way. She began to view the body it in terms of isolation and vulnerability. ‘Thats when I began to produce my first body-sculptures. I could sew lying in bed’ (qtd. in Winterson, 2005). What resulted from this period were a series of designs ‘that would extend her body’ explains Winterson (2005). Apparently, this was more than a reactionary phase, as Horn continued on this trajectory after her release from the sanatorium. Back at art school, she worked with soft materials, such as prosthetic bandages and padding, creating protective, cocoon-like pieces. Works from this early period include Finger Gloves (1972), Pencil Mask (1972), and Black Cockfeathers (1971). According to Winterson, ‘isolation becomes a message in a bottle; the viewer can retrieve what is inside’ (2005). Eventually Horn gravitated more and more into performance art, but instead of abandoning the body-extension sculptures, she used them as part of her performance (Ragheb). The limitations of the body, and of one’s time on earth, are apparent even as the actions of Horn’s mechanized sculptures suggest endless time. There is a beauty in the symmetry of Blue Monday Strip, a duality in the suggestion of the mundane in a setting of what appears to be perpetual motion. To express animation through inanimate objects is to do the unexpected, particularly in Horn’s chosen format. This is what I would like to achieve in my own art. Conclusion: A Contextual Investigation All art is contextual in that it is dependent upon its environment. What it is, as well as the time in which it is brought into existence, are both aspects that must be considered when assessing its value. Art that relates to the body is unique in the sense that although our individual bodies have a limited amount of time on this earth, the body, such as it is, is perpetual. It will always exist, though each of us as individuals has a limited time span on this earth. The work of Rebecca Horn is appealing in a timeless sense; one gets the feeling that it will be appreciated and valued even in the far distant future, in a time when machines such as ‘typewriters’ have ceased to play a role in society, other than as a symbol of the past. Her work is relevant in ways that I, as a fellow artist, find significant and familiar—and this familiarity exists despite the fact that we work in media that are altogether different from each other. Despite this difference, a common theme exists and seems to resonate when I observe her work and consider it against my own. Though we work with different materials, there is a common theme, a sense of the fleeting nature of our corporeal existence against a background of the details of life. Her works are animated, though in a much different way than my own art is ‘animated’. The sense of activity and movement I see in her work is something that is appealing and energizing. It brings to mind the limitations of the human body, yet at the same time it brings to light the concept that human activity goes on, even though we as individuals do not. Doing this within my own medium is something I can strive for, and hope on some level to achieve. As Ragheb has written, Horn’s work is ‘located in the nexus between body and machine’, and it ‘transmogrifies the ordinary into the enigmatic’ (1993). I would take these even further; Horn’s ability to find a niche between body and machine has been accomplished with dexterity and precision, yet at the same time with a subtlety that lends itself to individual interpretation. This, in essence, is the crux of her appeal to me as a practitioner. She can take everyday objects—typewriters, motors, ink, bits of metal—and juxtapose them in such unique ways that viewers look at them in ways that are new and yet familiar at the same time. References Cork, Richard. 2005. ‘Rebecca Horn invades our senses’.  Times Online, Weekend Review, Arts, May 21, 2005. Retrieved from  http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,14933-1620638,00.html Ragheb, J. Fiona. ‘Rebecca Horn’. Retrieved from  http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_66.html Smith, Roberta. 1993. ‘Review/Art; Fountains of Mercury, a  Piano Spitting Out Keys: Sculpture as Dramas’. New York Times, July 2, 1993.  Retrieved electronically on 5/12/06 from  http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE3D81E3BF931A35754C0A965958260&sec=&pagewanted=print Winterson, Jeanette. 2005. ‘The Bionic Woman’. The  Guardian. Monday, May 23, 2005. Retrieved from http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1489933,00.html [i] In the Winterson interview, Horn is quoted as explaining that the onset of her illness occurred at age 20, although critic J. Fiona Rahgreb and others have written the age as 24.

Essay --

Madeline Hearons Introduction to Philosophy Dr. Butterfield 9 March 2014 The Problem of Evil â€Å"The problem of evil† has been a controversial topic for not only philosophers, but also people of different faiths all over the world. The problem of evil poses the questions that if there is a higher power, a perfect God, how can that higher power allow such evils to occur in this world? How could this perfect God create such evils in the world? How could he allow such suffering? As these questions have been asked, many philosophers have different thoughts and opinions on what kind of higher power really exists, and how evil can come from such a perfect and loving God. The example I have chosen poses the question of whether or not a perfect higher power really does exist. If a perfect God has created this world, why would he include evil? After researching different philosophers and their different views on the problem of evil, Gottfried Leibniz stuck out to me. I found comparing our views very interesting. The problem of evil proves contradiction in religious philosophy, that a perfect God may or may not exist (Pecornio, 1). If a perfect God exists, why would he put evil into our world and promote suffering? Some philosophers have argued that this suffering is consequence for our own sins. If you willingly choose a path of evil, then evil will present itself onto you. An example of this would be that if you know smoking is bad and can cause lung cancer, and you still choose to smoke, you â€Å"deserve† the evil consequence of getting lung cancer (Beebe, 1). The problem of evil pinpoints two types of evil: moral evil and natural evil. Moral evil is a type of evil that is caused by mankind itself, such as murder, abuse, and sexual... ...t mean that a God does not exist, but one that all knows, all-powerful, and all present does not exist. The Logical Problem of Evil explains this, going against Leibniz and his beliefs, but supports my example. I believe that Leibniz argument in persuasive and have some very valid points. In conclusion to the problem of evil, I think that your beliefs will lead you to follow a certain view on this topic. I also believe that you do not have to choose one certain side, that this topic is not black and white. The problem of evil can really make you think about the troubles of the world, and what the reason and cause for suffering is. Who do you believe is responsible? Is it a higher power, or your own actions that make these things happen? Religious views may lead you to believe one idea, but your logical sense may lead you to believe something completely different.

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay

You are working as a human service worker at a local United Way agency that serves several multicultural clients. In addition to the multicultural aspect, the agency also serves children, women, the elderly, and the homeless. Your manager has asked you to decide the best communication approach for each of these clients. Answer the following questions: What would you need to learn or know about each of your clients in order to communicate effectively with them? What strategies or techniques do you believe would be the best approach to take when communicating with each of these clients? How might you need to adapt your communication approach from one individual to the next? Working in the Human Services field can provide you with many different types of job opportunities each requiring their own specific needs to clients, many different types of clients that is. To communicate in an effective way with clients getting to know about them is a great start. Listen is top priority to understanding and getting to know your clients. Active listening describes the effort on the part of the listener. Active listening involves giving verbal feedback on the content of what was said, along with recognition of the feelings underneath. Qualities of a good listener include: being non-aggressive, being self-confident, having the ability to let thin gs go along with the ability to work things out. Listening opens the door to meaning. When you hear the person, understand the situation and the feelings, then you are in a position to take constructive action or to reply to her or him in a way that makes sense. Helpful listening helps people look at their ideas, plans, hopes, concerns, fears, etc. It helps them gather information, solve their problems themselves and try out other alternatives. * Communication may seem easy, but to many people’s surprise it is something that has to be learned and practiced. Some of us have developed poor listening skills; we may be judgmental or don’t allow others to speak. Some of us may use close-ended questions exclusively, and do not allow others to explore and contribute to  the discussion. A few strategies and or techniques that allow us to see a better approach to communicating can be using open-end questions such as Where would you like to begin? What options have you explored? Which concern would you like to talk about first? Can you tell me more about that? Open-ended questions encourage the exploration of thoughts and feelings by leaving individuals free to answer in any way they choose. On the flip side, closed sided questions s force a specific answer. They often present themselves as roadblocks to good communication. Sometimes you need specific information (i.e. what city do you live in?). Be sure the information you request is relevant to the person’s situation. Use fact-finding, limited-response questions sparingly. A closed question allows for a limited response. Understanding that each client is different from each other, focusing on each client while actively listen, not judging and knowing that the client is there for help is a way to adapt your communication between clients and or patients.

Food and Street Foods Essay

Bulacan was officially called â€Å"Bulacan Province†, is a first class province of the Republic of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Region (Region 3) in the island of Luzon, North of Manila (the nation’s capital), and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. Bulacan pries itself for its rich historical heritage. Bulacan has fast become an ideal tourist destination, owing to its vital role in Philippine history, and its rich heritage in culture and the arts. The province is popularly known for its historical sites; nostalgic old houses and churches; idyllic ecological attractions; religious attractions; colorful and enchanting festivals; swimming and various themed attractions; and a wide selection of elegant native crafts and sumptuous delicacies. It is also home to numerous resorts, hotels, restaurants, and other recreational facilities. (Wikipedia) The briskness of Street foods in Bulacan can be measured by the long queue of consumers’ everyday in the food outlets in strategic places where street foods like: â€Å"lugaw† or Rice Porridge, goto, mami, fish balls, barbecued banana, salted peanuts and chicken pops. (Toledo, 1988) Street Foods is a â€Å"Survival Meals†, maybe because it satisfies the gustatory sense for a temporary period of time. (Soledad Leynes, 1986) In such case, eating away from home due to the changes in occupation and activities created a demand for cooked meals and snacks at a cheaper and affordable price that are served quickly. Dual career, parents and small families who really have no time to prepare their meals at home resort to street foods for convenience. These people seem not to care for the food source whether it comes from the legitimate food merchants or from the informal sector, otherwise called black market. (Soledad Leynes, 1986) Street foods, whether snacks or meals are affordable and always available, which are very popular among the low income households to a large extent and increasingly a daily fare among the middle income groups. Households with working mothers are afforded ready to eat meals without the burden of cooking at home. Street food caters to the needs of the urban poor population by making food readily available and at low cost. Thus, street food vending is a traditional activity which can be considered a coping mechanism of the urban poor. Street foods are ready-to-eat foods and beverages prepared and/or sold by vendors or hawkers especially in the streets and other similar places. They represent a significant part of urban food consumption for millions of low-and-middle-income consumers, in urban areas on a daily basis. Street foods may be the least expensive and most accessible means of obtaining a nutritionally balanced meal outside the home for many low income people, provided that the consumer is informed and able to choose the proper combination of foods. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

Free Essays on United States Immigration Policy

The United State’s immigration policy has undergone great change since the turn of the 20th century. Many things have contributed to this change, such as political problems, poverty, lack of jobs, and in fact our changing policy. The countries affected by these problems may have changed but the problems themselves have not. No matter what the location or time period, people have been driven from their homeland as result of political disputes. There will always be poor, 3rd world countries that can not create a prosperous environment for their people. As a result of general poverty, few jobs are available, which forces citizens to look beyond the borders for work. Our changing immigration policy is motivation for some immigrants to come to America. If the U.S. is accepting a high number of one country’s immigrants, than many of their citizens will emigrate for America, some legally and others illegally. The United State’s has changed its immigration policy many ti mes in the last 100 years but the reasons for resettlement have remained generally the same. The early 1900s was a period of mass immigration for the United States. At the turn of the 20th century religious preferences and political persecution were major reasons behind immigration. Many Jews came to America in search of freedom. People of other religious backgrounds also came because the United States was composed of a diverse group of people with different religious preferences. The immigrants did not feel like outcasts in America. Political persecution in Russia forced many of its citizens to emigrate. Most chose to come to America because the country was culturally diverse and they could feel safe there. Economic problems at this time also drove people to America. Many countries around the world were just starting to develop so they were poor and lacked jobs. Their citizens were in desperate need of money; so many fathers immigrated to America in search of a job to sup... Free Essays on United States Immigration Policy Free Essays on United States Immigration Policy The United State’s immigration policy has undergone great change since the turn of the 20th century. Many things have contributed to this change, such as political problems, poverty, lack of jobs, and in fact our changing policy. The countries affected by these problems may have changed but the problems themselves have not. No matter what the location or time period, people have been driven from their homeland as result of political disputes. There will always be poor, 3rd world countries that can not create a prosperous environment for their people. As a result of general poverty, few jobs are available, which forces citizens to look beyond the borders for work. Our changing immigration policy is motivation for some immigrants to come to America. If the U.S. is accepting a high number of one country’s immigrants, than many of their citizens will emigrate for America, some legally and others illegally. The United State’s has changed its immigration policy many ti mes in the last 100 years but the reasons for resettlement have remained generally the same. The early 1900s was a period of mass immigration for the United States. At the turn of the 20th century religious preferences and political persecution were major reasons behind immigration. Many Jews came to America in search of freedom. People of other religious backgrounds also came because the United States was composed of a diverse group of people with different religious preferences. The immigrants did not feel like outcasts in America. Political persecution in Russia forced many of its citizens to emigrate. Most chose to come to America because the country was culturally diverse and they could feel safe there. Economic problems at this time also drove people to America. Many countries around the world were just starting to develop so they were poor and lacked jobs. Their citizens were in desperate need of money; so many fathers immigrated to America in search of a job to sup...

Free Essays on The Belief In The Afterlife In Ancient Egypt

According to many scholars, religion was the most important aspect of life in Ancient Egypt. The Egyptian’s believed that the gods and goddesses, each with special functions governed every inch of human existence. â€Å"Writing about the religion of Ancient Egypt demands a powerful effort of imaginative understand. Even for those of us who posses a strong religious faith, it is hard to conceive of the intensity with which the Egyptians accepted the existence of the supernatural or the extent to which it not only invaded but completely dominated every aspect of their daily existence.†# Egyptians believed that death was a temporary interruption, rather then a complete end to their life. Eternal life could be insured by the gods, preservation of the body, and the â€Å"ka†, â€Å"ba†, akh†. Fearing death the Egyptians developed a belief of the after life very early in their existence. They buried their dead in the sand with possessions they thought they would need in their next life. The Egyptians noticed that if a body was dug up a year later, it looked very much as it had looked in life. Thus, preserving the body became linked with the afterlife. The poor could not afford more then a burial in the sand. While the wealthy began to be buried deeper in more elaborate chambers, mortal decay set it. The mummified body and the tomb were believed to be essential to the after-life. They believe that the mummified body would guarantee passage into the next life. In addition to the Egyptians â€Å"ba† (his body), and his â€Å"ka† (spirit guide), the Egyptians had a soul, which flew away at death. Some cult believed that the soul was a bird with the face of the deceased that flew away at death. During the life the soul lived in the body in his belly or heart, after death it flew freely about the world. It was free to travel the world but had to return to the tomb at night to ward off evil spirits. The first attempts to save the... Free Essays on The Belief In The Afterlife In Ancient Egypt Free Essays on The Belief In The Afterlife In Ancient Egypt According to many scholars, religion was the most important aspect of life in Ancient Egypt. The Egyptian’s believed that the gods and goddesses, each with special functions governed every inch of human existence. â€Å"Writing about the religion of Ancient Egypt demands a powerful effort of imaginative understand. Even for those of us who posses a strong religious faith, it is hard to conceive of the intensity with which the Egyptians accepted the existence of the supernatural or the extent to which it not only invaded but completely dominated every aspect of their daily existence.†# Egyptians believed that death was a temporary interruption, rather then a complete end to their life. Eternal life could be insured by the gods, preservation of the body, and the â€Å"ka†, â€Å"ba†, akh†. Fearing death the Egyptians developed a belief of the after life very early in their existence. They buried their dead in the sand with possessions they thought they would need in their next life. The Egyptians noticed that if a body was dug up a year later, it looked very much as it had looked in life. Thus, preserving the body became linked with the afterlife. The poor could not afford more then a burial in the sand. While the wealthy began to be buried deeper in more elaborate chambers, mortal decay set it. The mummified body and the tomb were believed to be essential to the after-life. They believe that the mummified body would guarantee passage into the next life. In addition to the Egyptians â€Å"ba† (his body), and his â€Å"ka† (spirit guide), the Egyptians had a soul, which flew away at death. Some cult believed that the soul was a bird with the face of the deceased that flew away at death. During the life the soul lived in the body in his belly or heart, after death it flew freely about the world. It was free to travel the world but had to return to the tomb at night to ward off evil spirits. The first attempts to save the...

Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried English Literature Essay

Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried English Literature Essay Loss of A Loved One. Amy Hempel’s short story, â€Å"In the Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried† is a semi autobiography heartrending story dedicated to her beloved friend, Jessica Wolfson, who died from terminally ill. This short story shows complicated emotions and feelings of grief and fear after losing a loved one. The narrator and the dying friend are unnamed due to affect the reader to get the story more personally. Hempel does not mention the names of the characters so the reader can imagine themselves related to the narrator and her dying friend by placing the emotions and feelings of their own to be the part of story. By revealing the characters’ names in the story might present the reader not to get from the feelings of empathy and grief over losing beloved friend. The style of â€Å"In the Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried† is minimalism by using an economy with words and a focus on surface description instead of using superfluous with words an d a depict of description. Hempel does well with this style because she can achieve amazingly throughout the critics. This short story is her first effort at writing story when she composed in Gordon Lish’s class at Columbia. Her stories are very well-known because they were taught among university student in the class of short stories worldwide. â€Å"In the Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried† originally appeared in TriQuarterly magazine in 1983 and then reprinted in Amy Hempel’s first published collection of stories in 1985, Reasons to Live, as the most widely anthologized stories of the last quarter century. Hempel is now well-known as postmodern writer. She writes in theme of tragic comedy as if she attempts to hide the grief and sadness behind the smile. Hempel avoids the words mean exactly death in her story by using the symbol of death instead. It seems like she is still cannot cope with the grief and the loss. Even this story is minimalism but Hempel use s her talents to make reader understand her work like she is painting on the canvas page. Her language in this story is very beautiful by creating sentences as remarkable with the use of rhetoric and rhythm. Due to Amy Hempel’s interview with the Paris Review magazine she was asked how to make stories strive for cohesion, from language to logic, to how an image develops. She told that the topic is music. Amy Hempel said: â€Å"I have started a story knowing the beat, the rhythm of the first line or first paragraph, but without knowing what the words are. I will be doing the equivalent of humming a tune over and over again and then this tune will be translated into a sentence. So I might be thinking, da-da-da-da-da-da-dadada, that will become, â€Å"Tell me things I won’t mind forgetting,† which is the first line of In the Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried† (Hempel Interview. The Art of Fiction No. 176) This story setting is in hospital near California co ast. The narrator reveals her grief story with her dying friend who is unnamed. Both have much great time together since they were in college. The narrator has delayed visiting her ill best friend for two months because she fears of death and loss. The friend asks the narrator to tell her something that she will not mind forgetting. Stories that the narrator tells her dying friend are quite humor and light, the stories that are nonsense and trivia. Her friend enjoys listening to her story except the sad story one about the chimp that has a heartbreaking in the end. Then the doctor enters her friend room and the narrator decides to walk out at the beach near the hospital. At the beach the narrator is walking along the coast while thinking about the relationship between her and her dying friend. The narrator returns from the beach and lies down near the friend watching a movie together while eating ice cream. Both fall asleep because of the injection. When the narrator wakes up, she t ells her friend that she really wants to go home and she will not come back for sure. Actually, the narrator fears that she does not want to see a loved one die in front of her. Even though she feels weak, small, failed and also exhilarated but she still feels guilty that she has left her terminally ill friend alone. When the narrator said that she want to go home, the dying friend is speechless. She yanks off her mask and throws it on the floor and runs out of the room following the narrator. Next morning her friend is moved to the cemetery, the only one where Al Jolson is buried. The narrator is never come back to visit her or even visit her funeral ceremony. She is still being afraid of death and loss because she is not allowing herself to grieve the truth that her best friend is now died.

Stata Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stata Project - Essay Example From the above computations, one can be 99% confident that the populations mean support level of the Londoners in support for the â€Å"Living Wage† is between 53.36 and 79.9734 that is basing on a sample of 15 participants. From the calculations, the mean support level of the Londoners in support for the â€Å"Living Wage† was found to be 66.6667 indicating that there exists support of the â€Å"Living Wage† among the Londoners though however it is not a full support. Full support would have meant an average of 100 which is not the case as dictated by the figures. A cross tabulation was done in order to investigate the relationship between the bible and the education level (educ). The table below shows the results generated in stata. From the table it is clear that there is a significant level of dependence between the bible and the education level (educ). The notion that people have of the bible depends to some greater extent on the education scale (level). According to the table, p-value=0.000

Eye-witness testimony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eye-witness testimony - Essay Example According to these researchers, other types of circumstantial evidence, such as fingerprints or DNA, are more reliable in identifying criminals. This essay argues that eyewitness identification is not only can get the murder, but also it has unreliable. The heart of the American criminal justice system is the honesty and reliability of eyewitnesses. The testimony of eyewitnesses can very much influence the decision of the judge or the members of jury. The jury tries to identify the reliability or honesty of the eyewitness secretly, without telling the basis of its final decision. Considering the weakness of the human memory, therefore, is very crucial to the criminal and legal justice system, because a lot of trials are focused on honest identifications (Wise et al. 2). Reaching a fair decision and a right identification is hard without the chance that eyewitnesses may not know wrongness in their identification or testimony. Without strong physical evidence, testimony of eyewitnesses is important every time prosecution tries to prove that the criminal and the defendant are the same. The correctness of an eyewitness testimony or identification is shaped by two types of variables, which are ‘estimator’ and ‘system’ (Cutler & Kovera 54). System variables are things that the criminal justice system can control, like directions taught to eyewitnesses before they go into a lineup. Estimator variables, on the other hand, are things that the criminal justice system cannot control and their effects can be studied. These variables could be the lightning in the place where the crime took place, how long the eyewitnesses saw the face of the criminal, and so on (Cutler & Kovera 54). But, still, eyewitnesses cannot be sure that their memory is right. Researchers say that weaknesses of the human memory negatively affect the truth of eyewitness testimony. Human memory is very hard to understand and study. Eyewitnesses can have a

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 1 - SLP Essay

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 1 - SLP - Essay Example Besides, immigration laws are relatively friendlier especially with growing number of â€Å"edu-tourism† agencies, which are aggressive in ensnaring would-be students. Of great importance is the enormity of Malaysia’s diversities. Most of what is presently called Malaysia was under the Buddhist Malay kingdom of Srivijaya, for almost five centuries (from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD). The territory later came under the powerful Hindu kingdom of Majapahit in the 14th century. Islam started penetrating the Malays in the early part of the 14th century through to the 15th century. By this time, Malaca has become a major commercial centre, where Chinese, Arabs, Malays and Indians traded. Europeans traders (starting with the Portuguese and the Dutch) joined in the 16th century. The British gained control of Malaca from the Dutch in 1826 (www.state.gov). In 1867, Britain formally established control of the land as a colony. After almost a century rule (in 1963), present-day Malaysia created. By 1965, the British colonial administration separated Singapore (with a dominant Chinese population) as an independent country from Malaysia (now with dominant Malay population) given the prevalent tension between the two territorially disaggregated populations (World Almanac Education Group, 2006, 802). Today, Malaysia with a population of about 28 million is considered as one of the most cosmopolitan countries in the world. It a center sustained relationship among Indonesian archipelago, the Islamic world, India, China, and Europe. This makes it one of the most heterogeneous countries in the world with a blend of Malay, Chinese, Indian, Eurasian cultures as well as cultures of indigenous groups. Religion strongly correlates with ethnicity in Malaysia. The Malays are largely Muslims, the Chinese are dominantly Buddhists while the

Develop an interview methodology for a digital forensic examination Research Paper

Develop an interview methodology for a digital forensic examination - Research Paper Example It will depict the instructions and definitions for the forensic examiner. Examination: This phase is meant to facilitate the evidence visibility while providing an explanation regarding its origin and significance. The examination phase also involves the revealing of hidden information and the relevant documentation (Kohn, 2012). Developing the interview methodology is very critical in a digital forensic investigation. The major steps involved in the development process include preparation for the interview, selecting/determining participants, establishing a pilot test/study, Constructing the research question, following-up the question, implementation of the interviews, and data interpretation (Selamat, 2008). The first and one of the most important things to do is to initiate a preparation for the digital forensic examination interview. The interview preparation will help in breaking the forensic investigation process in such a way that any problematic circumstances are alleviated or exacerbated. Such problems usually occur after the investigation is fully implemented (Turner, 2010). The forensic examiner should determine the possible problems and establish a way of evading or dealing with them. The preparation should be done in such a way that unambiguous focus is established. This is meant to enhance the feasibility and the associated benefit of the digital forensic examination (Turner, 2010). To ensure an effective interview preparation, the forensic examiner needs to choose the forensic investigation setting. This choice of forensic investigation setting will ensure that the examination is done within a feasible context. The purpose of the forensic interview should also be explained effectively. Further, the confidentiality terms need to be addressed. This requirement is very important because respondents will require guaranteed safety once they provide

Martin Luther and his Theology on Worship in the Church during the Research Paper

Martin Luther and his Theology on Worship in the Church during the Reformation - Research Paper Example â€Å"Luther thought music to be a gift from God and considered it of the highest importance next to the preaching of the Word (i.e., theology)1† . Luther’s theological views on music and his instigation of different methods of worship in the Catholic Church have helped Christians during the reformation era revitalize their faith. Catholicism is  not  compatible with Lutheran’s brand of liturgy because their religious principles are widely distinct. Catholicism embraced superstition. Catholicism’s worship was grounded on tradition, rather than on the Word of God. Catholicism’s worship remained locked in an incomprehensible language to the masses. Catholicism’s liturgy was static, predictable, meaningless and therefore, not spiritually edifying to the congregant. With such doctrines as the Eucharist, purgatory, the worship of relics, indulgences and Latinized readings, the masses were not being fed nourishing spiritual food which would be salvific in nature and lead to their salvation. Catholicism instructed the multitudes in errors, primarily concerned with death, which warped their perceptions of God, causing them to deviate further from the truth. The Eucharist service is one in which Catholic believers are encouraged to equate the presence of the Lord Jesus with the bread and wine of Communion. The Communion celebrates the death of Christ and in Catholicism, congregants observe more emphatically the sacrifice of the Savior without impressing upon the people’s minds the reality of Christ as a risen Lord. The Catechism affirms that Christ Jesus†¦ â€Å"is present .  .  . most  especially in the Eucharistic species†2 Devotion in honor of the dead is another prevailing conviction advocated in Catholicism. The idea was held in wide currency that the dead somehow acquire divine power when called upon can help the living in distress, because of the alleged virtue of now residing in heaven. For t he Catholic service â€Å"another common practice was the worship of relics, or physical objects such as bones or keepsakes of famous saints†3 . Adherents firmly believed that the possession and worship of relics would sanctify them in some manner and improve their opportunities at being saved. The deception was that the relics were in reality the bones of dead animals which the clergy designated as the bones of saints. Another doctrine forwarded by Catholicism was purgatory. In the Catholic liturgy â€Å"through congregational participation the people could effectively work themselves and their deceased loved ones out of purgatory and into heaven †¦such celebrations included requiem masses, vigils, the common week, and All Souls’ Day†4 (Dieter). Purgatory is the teaching that the souls of the dead are in a state of limbo between heaven and hell. To rescue the deceased souls, the faithful were expected to pay large sums of money for extra masses and prayers so that the dead would be redeemed and enter heaven’s gates. Indulgences is another liturgical rite in which â€Å"pieces of parchment were said to possess the power to credit the buyers with the merits of Christ together with the superabundant merits of all the saints† to deliver the beloved dead from perdition in purgatory. These rounds of superstition only confirmed the belief in error and steered the flock from the principles of justification by faith, the word of God and Jesus Christ alone. As a result, the Reformation rose

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 1 - SLP Essay

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 1 - SLP - Essay Example Besides, immigration laws are relatively friendlier especially with growing number of â€Å"edu-tourism† agencies, which are aggressive in ensnaring would-be students. Of great importance is the enormity of Malaysia’s diversities. Most of what is presently called Malaysia was under the Buddhist Malay kingdom of Srivijaya, for almost five centuries (from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD). The territory later came under the powerful Hindu kingdom of Majapahit in the 14th century. Islam started penetrating the Malays in the early part of the 14th century through to the 15th century. By this time, Malaca has become a major commercial centre, where Chinese, Arabs, Malays and Indians traded. Europeans traders (starting with the Portuguese and the Dutch) joined in the 16th century. The British gained control of Malaca from the Dutch in 1826 (www.state.gov). In 1867, Britain formally established control of the land as a colony. After almost a century rule (in 1963), present-day Malaysia created. By 1965, the British colonial administration separated Singapore (with a dominant Chinese population) as an independent country from Malaysia (now with dominant Malay population) given the prevalent tension between the two territorially disaggregated populations (World Almanac Education Group, 2006, 802). Today, Malaysia with a population of about 28 million is considered as one of the most cosmopolitan countries in the world. It a center sustained relationship among Indonesian archipelago, the Islamic world, India, China, and Europe. This makes it one of the most heterogeneous countries in the world with a blend of Malay, Chinese, Indian, Eurasian cultures as well as cultures of indigenous groups. Religion strongly correlates with ethnicity in Malaysia. The Malays are largely Muslims, the Chinese are dominantly Buddhists while the

Martin Luther and his Theology on Worship in the Church during the Research Paper

Martin Luther and his Theology on Worship in the Church during the Reformation - Research Paper Example â€Å"Luther thought music to be a gift from God and considered it of the highest importance next to the preaching of the Word (i.e., theology)1† . Luther’s theological views on music and his instigation of different methods of worship in the Catholic Church have helped Christians during the reformation era revitalize their faith. Catholicism is  not  compatible with Lutheran’s brand of liturgy because their religious principles are widely distinct. Catholicism embraced superstition. Catholicism’s worship was grounded on tradition, rather than on the Word of God. Catholicism’s worship remained locked in an incomprehensible language to the masses. Catholicism’s liturgy was static, predictable, meaningless and therefore, not spiritually edifying to the congregant. With such doctrines as the Eucharist, purgatory, the worship of relics, indulgences and Latinized readings, the masses were not being fed nourishing spiritual food which would be salvific in nature and lead to their salvation. Catholicism instructed the multitudes in errors, primarily concerned with death, which warped their perceptions of God, causing them to deviate further from the truth. The Eucharist service is one in which Catholic believers are encouraged to equate the presence of the Lord Jesus with the bread and wine of Communion. The Communion celebrates the death of Christ and in Catholicism, congregants observe more emphatically the sacrifice of the Savior without impressing upon the people’s minds the reality of Christ as a risen Lord. The Catechism affirms that Christ Jesus†¦ â€Å"is present .  .  . most  especially in the Eucharistic species†2 Devotion in honor of the dead is another prevailing conviction advocated in Catholicism. The idea was held in wide currency that the dead somehow acquire divine power when called upon can help the living in distress, because of the alleged virtue of now residing in heaven. For t he Catholic service â€Å"another common practice was the worship of relics, or physical objects such as bones or keepsakes of famous saints†3 . Adherents firmly believed that the possession and worship of relics would sanctify them in some manner and improve their opportunities at being saved. The deception was that the relics were in reality the bones of dead animals which the clergy designated as the bones of saints. Another doctrine forwarded by Catholicism was purgatory. In the Catholic liturgy â€Å"through congregational participation the people could effectively work themselves and their deceased loved ones out of purgatory and into heaven †¦such celebrations included requiem masses, vigils, the common week, and All Souls’ Day†4 (Dieter). Purgatory is the teaching that the souls of the dead are in a state of limbo between heaven and hell. To rescue the deceased souls, the faithful were expected to pay large sums of money for extra masses and prayers so that the dead would be redeemed and enter heaven’s gates. Indulgences is another liturgical rite in which â€Å"pieces of parchment were said to possess the power to credit the buyers with the merits of Christ together with the superabundant merits of all the saints† to deliver the beloved dead from perdition in purgatory. These rounds of superstition only confirmed the belief in error and steered the flock from the principles of justification by faith, the word of God and Jesus Christ alone. As a result, the Reformation rose

The Co-Operative Bank IMC Essay Example for Free

The Co-Operative Bank IMC Essay 1.1 The Co-Operative Bank – An Introduction The Co-Operative Bank is New Zealand based and as of 2011, a fully registered bank (New Zealand Herald, 2011). It had a market share of 0.6 to 0.7% when it launched as a Bank and has 128,000 members as of 2014 (KPMG, 2013) The bank’s mission statement or principle activity is to â€Å"provide financial and investment services to its shareholders†, its shareholders being its customers who are all â€Å"owners† of the bank (StopPress, 2014). The owners receive yearly dividends from the bank depending on an algorithm that  calculates the value of their association with the bank (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). 1.2 PESTE Analysis Political â€Å"fair play on fees† class action will have effect on how banks are perceived and could have effect on how banks can charge fees to its customers. Some banks are being sued but CO-Operative is not subject to the class action. 1.2.1 Economic -Changes in the credit rating of the bank could have an effect on how customers perceive the quality of the bank. Currently the co-operative bank has a rating of BBB- (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). As this is one of the lowest in New Zealand this will have an effect on how the bank is perceived. 1.2.2 Socio-Cultural Also as there is more importance placed on achieving a tertiary education in New Zealand, the banking sector has a larger market segment of tertiary students. Due to the effects of the 2008 recession and the 99% movement people are increasingly sceptical of banks. Banks must adjust to this factor in order to detract and negative effects. 1.2.3 Technological All major banks in New Zealand have internet banking and mobile apps where customers are able to do their banking. As technology is always changing it is important that banks are continuing to update and make changes to their digital platforms to continue to be competitive in the market. 1.2.4 Environment -Environmental factors do not have a massive impact over the Co-Operative bank however climate change have some effect on the success of New Zealand businesses abilities to save and service loans. Particularly as New Zealand is an agricultural based society and climate change disrupts farming processes. 2 Competitor Analysis In the tertiary banking sector there are 5 main players that the Bank must  compete with. Each has their own drawcard however the reality is the base package each bank offers is very similar and in terms of costs, the banks offer students free or relatively free banking See Appendix 1. On top of this each bank differentiates itself by offering extra services that are enticing to the student lifestyle. 2.1 ASB ASB, as well as a relatively free base package, offers students free fries at McDonalds every time they use their card. This â€Å"gimmick† is attractive to students as it means banking with ASB guarantees them food should they run out of money. They also offer students a large overdraft and a txt when funds are running low. 2.2 ANZ ANZ’s tertiary package is perhaps the least â€Å"gimmicky† of the big banks. They offer accessible branches and ATM’s on campus as they are aware a student is often time poor. 2.3 BNZ  BNZ’s YouMoney is known to be extremely innovative and in tune with a tertiary audience’s preference for good, simple web design. Their point of difference is an industry leading web application that makes handling finances, something that student have great difficulty doing, every simple. 2.4 Westpac WestPac’s Student Pac, historically, has used gimmicks such as a free $25 upon sign up and a free pizza to engage the tertiary audience to bank with them. In the long term they also offer a â€Å"save and win† scheme that entices students to bank with them to win money on the money they choose to save. 2.5 Kiwibank Kiwibank has perhaps the most comprehensive banking package. Their extra services include software to help manage your money, no commission currency conversion, free use of ANZ ATMs on campus and free txt banking. This shows they are very much in tune with the requirements of being a student in New Zealand which supports Kiwibank’s main draw card of the bank being a New Zealand owned bank. 2.6 Co-Operative Bank The Co-Operative Banks student package is by contrast the least  comprehensive. They offer a top interest rate of 5% however their main drawcard, even for students, is still the fact that they are not just New Zealand owned like Kiwibank but owned by the New Zealanders that bank with them. 3 Growth and Maturity of the Industry New Zealand banks have enjoyed strong growth in lending since the 2008 global downturn. Profits however, are down due to â€Å"increasing regulatory pressures and strong competition in the lending market† (KPMG, 2013). 4 Operational Revenue and Profitability At the end of 2013 financial year, the bank recorded profits before rebate at $8m (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). $1m of this was distributed to customers. As at 31st December 2013 operating revenue reached $4.3m (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). 5 Strategic Goals The Co-Operative Bank has an overall strategic focus on â€Å"achieving long-term profitable growth, based on co-operative principles (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). 6 Target Marketing The Co-Operative Bank targets those in the tertiary segment who are motivated by â€Å"good values†. These students, generally 18-25, will be those who are wary of the other big banks and the values they stand for. They will consist of students who are above the other banks â€Å"gimmicks† and would rather see their money buying some â€Å"goodness† rather than get free fries, for example, from a controversial multinational. They will have a solid â€Å"student† lifestyle with a low income, low outgoings and will generally not have any dependants. 7 Market Positioning The Co-Operative Bank occupies a distinctive position in the market. While its competitors try to outdo each other with clever marketing and competitive rates they are, compared to other industries, barely distinguishable from each other. As shown in Figure 1, the Co-operative Bank occupies a position that is relatively separated from its competitors in terms of perceived cost and on a values based analysis. Figure 1 Positioning of New Zealand Banks This position clearly demonstrates to their target audience that they are set apart from their competitors as an alternative to banking in system where banks are driven by profits for their (often overseas) investors rather than by the values of and profits for their New Zealand owners/customers. Section 2 8 Communication Strategy Since the bank’s rebrand in 2012 the bank has focused its communications on improving low awareness. It is spearheaded by the message â€Å"driven by your prosperity, not our profit†; this focus will help the bank achieve its goal to double its customers within 5 years (StopPress, 2014). The key message the bank wants to convey to its target audience is that it is a values-driven bank that plays fair in a banking landscape that is thought of as the opposite. They use a brand image strategy to convey that although they are able to take calculated risks for the benefit of their customer-owners, they want their audience to know they want their activities to be transparent and â€Å"above the line†. The main symbol used by the bank is the infinity sign that consists of the 2 O’s in Co-Operative Bank, known as the â€Å"prosperity loop†- See figure 2. The loop is conveniently extracted from the banks name and symbolises its goal of creating prosperity, not profit, between the bank and its customer-owners with the benefits flowing between the two entities. This symbol associates potential customers with the brand and its objectives of â€Å"being about mutual benefit and true sustainability. (The Co-Operative Bank, 2014, p. 2) Figure 2- The Prosperity Loop The loop is replicated though all forms of media advertising further insisting to its customers an ongoing sense of mutuality and support. In print media, the loop headline type treatment overlays both the heads of customers or their children and links them to the bank’s message, connecting a potential customer’s emotion to the advertisement. The loop could so be seen to symbolise a thought bubble, further personifying the banks message. See figure 3 Figure 3- Print Advertisement This advertisement takes queues from thought leadership marketing as it shows a young, seemingly wealthy man thinking positively about the banks differentiation strategy. As this man represents a lifestyle students aspire to participate in and the target market can now link him to the Co-Operative bank. In theory, students will be more likely to think positively about, and possibly join the bank. This links back to the banks goal of doubling its customer base in five years and helps the bank on their way to achieve it. Another brand association used is the companies colour palette. The palette is distinctively fresh and focuses on a bright green colour – see figure 4. This associates the brand with being fresh and distinctive as well as with growth. Green is prolific throughout the brands communications and is often shown in a natural context. This is important to the brands image as it reflects on New Zealanders emotions as a â€Å"clean, green† nation and may help the target market to associate with the bank as an extension of their patriotism. Also the mix of the colour green as a symbol of natural growth and money is a reflection of the bank’s views on sustainable banking. Further, it associates this idea to the Co-Operative Bank’s brand and reinforces to tertiary students that their principles will bring â€Å"growth† to their â€Å"money† in a sustainable way. This is particularly relevant to the target market who currently have low incomes but potential to growth their worth in the next few years. For them it means the bank is on their side and wants to work with them to grow their money in a sustainable way. Figure 4- Colour Palette 9 Media Strategy and Appropriation The company, carrying out its awareness strategy for growth, used a broad mix of media mediums including a focus on print but also consisting of a television spot, radio advertising, and limited social media (Facebook, Linked in and YouTube) to target a wide range of possible customers (StopPress, 2014). The campaign is centred on presenting the banks differentiation from other banks as a New Zealand owned bank and the fact it  is 100% owned by its customers. Although there was no media directly targeting tertiary students, the Co-Operative Bank’s mix of mediums will have some effect on this target market. Using a universal strategy, as in this case, the bank reaches a large amount of potential customers. It also provides the bank with economies of scale. As a small bank, although not ideal, this strategy is relatively appropriate as, there is limited budget for large scale advertising. The bank has opted to pull resources together rather than loose budget to smaller and perhaps less successful strategies. This is at the cost of targeting specific demographics, such as the tertiary target market, with media strategies tailored to their particular motivations but allows the bank to target all New Zealanders who feel strongly about banking with a New Zealand bank that shares profits with its customers. The content of the advertising draws on emotional strategy and uses a lot of patriotic imagery such as beach scenes, trout fishing, and office and cafe culture. These are scenes of New Zealand culture that rouse patriotism in most New Zealanders and this helps the bank not only reach people who will be interested in how the bank functions due to their patriotism but inform others of the benefits of joining the bank. This is appropriate for the bank as it is harnessing current events (such as the class action against fees and the 2008 global downturn that have caused a cultural shift in New Zealand society in that people are more sceptical of banks) and building on the emotions they feel . It is therefore prudent for the bank to target the majority of society as the majority of society will be motivated by this emotion to join the bank. Section 3 Recommendations and Evaluation 10 Objectives 1.Increase top-of-mind awareness level of the Co-Operative bank within the tertiary market by 50% within the next 12 months 2.Increase knowledge within the tertiary market about the benefit of â€Å"owning† the bank they are banking with by 50% within the next 12 months 3.10% of tertiary market seek information about or interact with the Bank within the next 12 months. 11 Improvements The weakness of the Banks current IMC plan lies in the fact that it has not  tailored the plan to target specific groups such as the tertiary market. This suggests that the relationship between The Co-Operative Bank and its tertiary customers is not as connected as it could be. To improve this, the bank does not necessarily have to change its message because as outlined prior, the patriotic and anti-status quo message used by its current offering will appeal to this market and also make the most of the banks industry-relative limited budget. The bank instead should work on making these messages more accessible to the tertiary market in order to improve the communication lines of the banks already strong message. RelationshipReach Include tertiary market specific imagery in print advertising There is a lack of tertiary specific imagery used by creative in the print media. There are a variety of children and young professionals and although some students may see these people as aspirational, they may also feel excluded and therefore disconnected from the banks message as the images are unrelateable to them at their current age. Create an active twitter account that backs up the banks brand image but also feels like it is maintained by a tertiary student. It will post breaking banking news and intelligently debate key players in the banking industry. Create a presence on campus by locating brochures at campus student finance offices Make brochures available that provides step by step financial planning for students that is branded with Co-Operative bank. The brochures will also provide information about the Co-operative’s services. The content will be so effective that campus financial planners will recommend them to students. This will increase student’s knowledge about the bank.Change billboards near tertiary institutions to have very tertiary student age appropriate creative. Add a scene to the television spot that is directly relatable to by a majority of tertiary students. The advert currently has scenes that will appeal to only a select part of the target market i.e office employees and t rout fishers. Adding a tertiary related scene with strong tertiary markers will strengthen the banks relationship with students as they will feel included in their advertising. Promote banks message at campus fairs. Sponsor tertiary events 12 Promotional Mix Recommendations 12.1 Public Relations The bank will start a campaign called â€Å"Community Loop† drawing from the banks logo and its community based values. Tertiary students will be selected to spend a day in the life of community organisations with a particular emphasis on organisations that support the interests of tertiary aged students such as canteen and be followed by a documentary team.. The outcome will be a documentary series posted on Community Loop’s YouTube. These videos will expect to be picked up by local media and be interesting enough for students to want to share on YouTube. 12.2 Personal Selling At campus events, the bank would loan its employees to event to handle the financial aspect of the event and at the same time inform students of the banks offerings- supporting and promoting the banks message that it works within the community in a positive way. For example, at the â€Å"Uni Games†, Co-operative Bank employees in â€Å"community loop† uniform will handle ticket processing at the gate and have the â€Å"community loop† marquee providing shelter for students. Employees will hold conversations with students about the banks offerings and message. Such a presence evokes brand awareness within in the student community and at the same time, shows off the banks tertiary product. 12.3 Sales Promotion The bank stands out among other banks as it does not offer students â€Å"gimmicky† promotions with its package – See appendix 1. There is an opportunity here for the bank to offer a promotion to students that does not seem as lightweight and also gain attention of the students who are likely to switch to the bank because of its message. The promotion will support the banks community centred message and feature a system wherein if you sign up you get a free stationary pack (bio-degradable and from sustainable sources)  and a child from a low decile school in the local area also gets a pack. The stationary will feature the banks â€Å"Community Loop† logo. 13 Budget 13.1 Objective-and-Task Method The bank would use an objective and task method to specify the role advertising will play for the Co-operative brand and, the budget has been set accordingly. This method has been chosen as it allows the bank to focus on the objectives based on the needs of the bank and therefore reinforce the bank’s strategy rather than the needs of other factors such as what competitors are doing or how much they can afford. ItemDescriptionEstimated CostTotal Industry specific imageryPhoto Shoot2,000 (aphotoeditor, 2009) 2,000 Poster design500 (Web Designer Forum, 2009) 2,500 Brochures at Campus Financial officeBrochure design500 (Web Designer Forum, 2009) 3,000 Content250 (Done internally)3,250 Distribution250 (PBT Frieght, 2013) 3,500 Tertiary Scene on Television SpotVideo Shoot3,500 (aphotoeditor, 2009) 7,000 Editing500 (Web Designer Forum, 2009) 7,500 Community Loop DocumentaryProduction Team 10,500 (aphotoeditor, 2009) 18,000 Community Loop tertiary eventMarquee1,000 (Ali Baba, 2014) 19,000 Sign writing 250 (Australian Signs, 2014) 19,250 Community Loop Uniforms500 (Ali Baba, 2014) 19,750 Community Loop StationaryStationary7,000 (PBT Frieght, 2013) 26,750 Delivery1,000 (Printing.com, 2013) 27,750 TOTAL27,750 14 Evaluation To understand whether the IMC objectives have been fulfilled and analyse results the Bank can use the following methods; Burke Day after recall testing This is a measure of recognition and recall and will measure objective 1. It measures how well a magazine advertisement has performed in getting people to identify if they recall having seen the advertisement previously and therefore are aware of the bank. The participant will be given the banks name and then a day later asked what they thought of their offerings. The bank will choose tertiary students for the trial and have them perform the task before and after the new IMC plan in order to understand the difference made. Buzzone Tests This is a measure of recognition and recall and will help the bank measure objective 2.This will be carried out with tertiary students and measure their recognition of the television advertisement both before the new IMC plan and post. This test is chosen as the Bank will gain information on how relevant the advertisement is for them and measure how Econometrics Econometrics will be used to show the correlation between members of the target market interacting with the bank and their interaction with the banks promotional material. Models are constructed from past data collected from a survey of tertiary students and future models can be predicted. This will be used to gain measurable information about objective 3. Bibliography Ali Baba. (2014). Ali Baba search: Marquee. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/marquee-tent-prices.html Ali Baba. (2014). Ali Baba Search: Uniforms. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from Ali Baba: http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/uniform.html aphotoeditor. (2009). aphotoeditor. Retrieved 5 12, 2014, from www.aphotoeditor.com: http://www.aphotoeditor.com/2009/08/27/what-to-charge-advertising-photography/ Australian Signs. (2014). Australian Signs Calulator. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from Australian Signs: http://www.australiasigns.com.au/onlinepricing/pricing.htm KPMG. (2013). Financial Institutions Performance Survey. Auckland: Massey University. PBT Frieght. (2013). PBT Fright Costings. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from PBT Frieght: http://www.pbt.co.nz/default.aspx Printing.com. (2013). Printing.com Prices. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from Printing.com: http://www.printing.com/nz/prices StopPress. (2014). StopPress. Retrieved 05 13, 2014, from http://www.stoppress.co.nz/blog/2013/07/co-operative-bank: http://www.stoppress.co.nz/blog/2013/07/co-operative-bank The Co-Operative Bank. (2014). News Letter. Wellington: The Co-Operative Bank. The Co-Operative Bank. (2013). The Co-Operative Bank Disclosure Statement. Wellington: The Co-Operative Bank. Web Designer Forum. (2009). webdesignerforum. Retrieved 5 20, 2014, from webdesignerforum: http://www.webdesignerforum.co.uk/topic/36794-how-much-to-charge-for-poster-design/

Factors in Inventoriable Costs

Factors in Inventoriable Costs 1) Definition of inventoriable costs In accounting, inventoriable costs are those costs incurs when company obtain products or make to the end products before they sell them. So inventoriable costs are also involving to product costs which include costs of direct labour, direct material and manufactural overhead. inventoriable costs are recorded in inventory account as assets in balance sheets before products are sold as costs of goods sold expenses which are recorded as expenses in income statements. (Wilkinson, 2013) 2) Examples of costs are included and not included in inventoriable costs Costs are included in inventoriable cost such as raw material and direct labour. For example, raw materials such as cloth and zipper which are purchased by hang bag factories. Direct labour which are workers use those raw material to make hand bags. All finished hand bags cannot be recorded into expenses until they are sold and will record into costs of goods sold expenses in income statements. Selling expenses and administrative expenses are not included in inventoriable costs .They are period costs which are recorded as expenses directly into income statements. Examples of costs are not included in inventoriable costs such as salaries paid to salesperson, advertisements expenses which are not related to production costs. Activity based cost drives can be identified as volume-based cost driver and non-volume cost based drivers. Volume based cost drives include input and outputs. Volume cost based drivers Outputs are one of cost drivers such as the number of units produces. If a business has only one product, then if use outputs cost drives will be the simplest method. However, if businesses have more than one product, and each product need to allocate difference overhead resources, the outputs will not be cost drivers. A noodle shop in the night market in Auckland can use outputs as cost drives because they only have product of noodle and the ingredient and labour costs in each bowl of noodle is same. However, there are different breads in bakery, so bakery cannot use outputs as cost drivers. Inputs. Direct labour hours or direct labour cost. Many businesses uses direct labour hour or cost as manufacturing overhead cost driver. For example, tax agency they charge their client by their time cost. Machine hour. Some business their equipment is more automatic and they need fewer direct labour cost, so they use machine hour as overhead cost drivers. For example, Fuji Xerox they charge their client by printers meter reading. Direct material quantities or costs. Some businesses require large numbers of material and they use direct materials as cost drivers. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Example: Management accountant he use input of volume cost based drivers to decide the price of custom furniture for their clients in ABC furniture design shop. The costs of custom a chair as following: There are $50 direct material, $100 labour cost, $20 machine hour. Management accountant will set that chairs price must be more than $170. Examples: followings are electricity costs for producing cookie in a cookie company. Month Electricity cost for month Numbers of batches produced for month January $7200 1210 February 6950 1050 March 6100 980 April 7300 1350 May 5990 810 June 6530 990 July 5700 790 August 5400 750 September 6800 990 October 7150 1190 November 5800 820 December 7400 1320 Variable cost of Electricity per batch = ($7400-5400)/ (1320-750) =3.51 per batch produced At the lowest activity of 750 batches, total variable cost is $2633 ($3.51750), subtracting lowest cost in lowest activity was $5400, and difference was $2767. Monthly cost of electricity = $2767+ ($3.51 x number of batches produced in a month) Weakness of high low method: this method is not recommended in estimate cost behavior, because this method only use two data (highest and lowest) and ignore the rest data. So we have no assurance about this method to present cost behavior accurately. a. Avoidable and unavoidable costs Avoidable costs are those costs will not happen if some particular decision is made. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Example: Bank of New Zealand they decided to close some braches and cutting opening hours because they use digital bank more. BNZ use this method to save the avoidable cost such as wages, rates, and rents in some branches by closing them. (Parker, 2017) Unavoidable costs: are costs still incur even no matter what decisions or actions are made. Example: residential property owner whatever the decision is made to rent or not rent the house, the council rate and insurance costs are not avoidable. Sunk and Opportunity costs Sunk costs are those costs already happened and cannot be changed now and in the future. Those costs are resources already acquired and they will not be affected by different decisions are made. So when make decision can ignore those costs. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Example: accountant purchase a printer for $1000. The cost of $1000 is sunk costs. Opportunity costs are potential benefits are arisen when alternative decision is made over another. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Example: if accountant did not purchase that printer cost $1000, he/she will save $1000, and $1000 is opportunity cost. Relevant and irrelevant costs Relevant costs: costs are affected by the different managerial decision made. Normally, there are two or more alternative managerial decision, and manager will choose more profitable alternative. Relevant costs will be incur in one managerial decision but avoid in another. Example: those costs in closed BNZ branches are relevant costs, because BNZ will save more expenses and to get more profit if they close those branches. Irrelevant costs: costs are not affected by different decision making. In other words, irrelevant costs are costs will continually happen no matter what decision are made. Example: CEO salary is irrelevant costs whether BNZ decide to close some branches References Langfiled-Smith, K. (2012). Management Accounting: information for creating and managing value. Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia: Rosemary Noble. Parker, T. (2017, March 17). BNZ cuts branches and opening hours. Retrieved from nzherald.co.nz: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/personal-finance/news/article.cfm?c_id=12objectid=11820201 Relevant VS Irrelevant costs. (n.d.). Retrieved from accountingexplained: http://accountingexplained.com/managerial/costs/relevant-irrelevant-costs Wilkinson, J. (2013, July 24). The Strategic CFO. Retrieved from Inventoriable costs: https://strategiccfo.com/inventoriable-costs/

Racism in Song of Solomon, Push and Life of Olaudah Equiano Essay

Expressing Racism in Song of Solomon, Push and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   African-Americans often are discriminated against, suffer from a barrage of racial remarks, and even endure racially based acts of violence. Unfortunately, this crime against humanity goes both ways. Those being oppressed may retaliate as a matter of self-defense, sometimes becoming that which they despise most. In many cases the Black man is forced into developing racist mores against the White man due to past history and to the fact that Whites discriminate against them. The victim of oppression can become the oppressor and, in fact, this 'reverse racism' may easily develop into a feeling of superiority for Black people. Although both parties, Black and White racists, suffer from the belief that their own race is the superior one, it could be said that the Black community is oftentimes more justified in their beliefs. Black writer, Sapphire is quoted as saying "One of the myths we've been taught, is that oppression creates moral superiority. I'm here to tell you th at the more oppressed a person is, the more oppressive they will be" (Walker, Fall 2001). I believe it not only creates a more oppressive group of people, but a group that believes they are morally superior. This moral superiority is evident in the writings and the personal lives of Olaudah Equiano, Toni Morrison, Sapphire and Maya Angelou. These writers display a common point of view held among many African-Americans in their views of Africa versus America, morality among Whites versus morality among Blacks, and racial inferiority versus racial superiority.    African-Americans often form comparisons between Africa, the country they were forcibl... ...and the Middle Passage. Ed. Maria Diedrich, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Carl Pedersen. New York: Oxford UP, 1999: 47-56. Davis, Jane. The White Image in the Black Mind: A Study of African American Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. Equiano, Olaudah. "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano." The Classic Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Putnam, 1987: 1-182. Mandville, Sir John. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1983, p.64. Morrison, Toni_Guest. Personal Interview. Jet 31 August 1998. www.findarticles.com (10 Sept. 2001). Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Group, 1977. Sapphire_Guest. Personal Interview by Carletta Joy Walker. www.foodcoop.com (13 Sept. 2001). Sapphire. Push. New York: Random House, 1997.   

Aristotles Categories :: Philosophy Aristotle

Aristotle’s Categories Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only. On the other hand, things are said to be named 'univocally' which have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common. A man and an ox are both 'animal', and these are univocally so named, inasmuch as not only the name, but also the definition, is the same in both cases: for if a man should state in what sense each is an animal, the statement in the one case would be identical with that in the other. Things are said to be named 'derivatively', which derive their name from some other name , but differ from it in termination. Thus the grammarian derives his name from the word 'grammar', and the courageous man from the word 'courage'. 2 Forms of speech are either simple or composite. Examples of the latter are such expressions as 'the man runs', 'the man wins'; of the former 'man', 'ox', 'runs', 'wins'. Of things themselves some are predicable of a subject, and are never present in a subject. Thus 'man' is predicable of the individual man, and is never present in a subject. By being 'present in a subject' I do not mean present as parts are present in a whole, but being incapable of existence apart from the said subject. Some things, again, are present in a subject, but are never predicable of a subject. For instance, a certain point of grammatical knowledge is present in the mind, but is not predicable of any subject; or again, a certain whiteness may be present in the body (for colour requires a material basis), yet it is never predicable of anything. Other things, ag ain, are both predicable of a subject and present in a subject. Thus while knowledge is present in the human mind, it is predicable of grammar. There is, lastly, a class of things which are neither present in a subject nor predicable of a subject, such as the individual man or the individual horse.

Pttls Assignment Essay

1. Types and methods of assessment used in lifelong learning 1. Types of assessment used in lifelong learning 2. Assessment methods used in lifelong learning 3. Strengths and limitations of assessment methods 2. Importance of involving learners in the assessment process 1. Evaluation of involving learners in the assessment process 2. The role of peer and self-assessment in the assessment process 3. Requirements for keeping records of assessment in lifelong learning 3.1 Reasons to keep records of assessment of learning 3.2 Summary of requirements for keeping records 1. Types and methods of assessment used in lifelong learning 1. Types of assessment used in lifelong learning Macmillan Dictionary defines assessment as `the process of making a judgment or forming an opinion, after considering something or someone carefully` Assessment is aimed to measure the breadth and depth of learning.( Geoff Petty) According to Ann Gravells assessment types include initial, formative and summative which could be on a formal or informal basis. Initial assessment called diagnostic usually takes place before commencing a particular programme when students are diagnosed what they know about the subject they are going to look into. Formative assessment called continuous is part of the learning programme where assessment occurs continuously to measure the students progress of learning. Summative assessment called final and always takes place at the end of the course or programme taught. 2. Assessment methods used in lifelong learning Assessment methods are different from assessment types. Usage of assessment methods can be formal or informal depending on what the teacher is going to assess: knowledge, skills or attitudes states Ann Gravells. Formal assessment methods include: assignments, essays, examinations, tests, observations, professional discussions, multiple-choice questions Informal assessment methods include: discussions, quizzes, role plays, puzzles and crosswords, self-assessment, peer assessment 3. Strengths and limitations of assessment methods 2. Importance of involving learners in the assessment process 3. Evaluation of involving learners in the assessment process 4. The role of peer and self-assessment in the assessment process 3. Requirements for keeping records of assessment in lifelong learning 1. Reasons to keep records of assessment of learning 3.2 Summary of requirements for keeping records Reference: 1. Gravells, A. (2012) Preparing to Teach in Lifelong Learning Sector, 5th ed, London, Learning Matters/SAGE 2. Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today, 4th ed, Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes Ltd 3. Cohen, L. et al (2010) A Guide to Teaching Practice, rev. 5th ed, Oxon, Routledge 4. Cowley, S. (2007) Guerrilla Guide to Teaching, 2nd ed, London, Continuum International Publishing Group 5. http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/assessment 6.

Cultural and Educational Rights in India Essay

As India is a country of many languages, religions, and cultures, the Constitution provides special measures, in Articles 29 and 30, to protect the rights of the minorities. The Cultural and Educational Rights is one of the six fundamental rights that have been granted to us in the Indian Constitution. This right allows every citizen of India to have a cultural and education up to where that person wants. This fundamental right is described in the constitution as: Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part there of having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. In making any law providing for the compulsory acquisition of any property of any educational institution established and administered by a minority, referred to in clause (1), the State shall ensure that the amount fixed by or determined under such law for the acquisition of such property is such as would not restrict or abrogate the right guaranteed under that clause. The State shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.

Answers to Questions in Astronomy Essay Example for Free

Answers to Questions in Astronomy Essay 1. How do astronomers measure the distances to galaxies and how does that allow the sizes, luminosities and masses of galaxies to be determined? A distance indicator is an object within a galaxy that functions as a marker to that galaxy. It may be a Cepheid star, globular cluster, H II region, planetary nebula or supernova. The distance to a galaxy, especially if it is very far away, is approximated by employing the Hubble Law which is expressed as Recession Velocity (Vr) = Hubble’s Constant (H) x distance (d). After obtaining the distance, it is possible to determine diameter through the small angle formula and luminosity from distance and apparent magnitude where both formulas are derived equations (Garber). Meanwhile mass can be estimated in three ways. Rotation curves reveal the calculation of rotational velocities for varying distances from the galactic center so that once distance and velocity are known, mass can be obtained (Garber). Another is through the cluster method which focuses on the motion of a galaxy within a galactic cluster. The size of the galaxy as well as range of velocity determines the total mass of the cluster (Garber). The third is through the velocity dispersion method where the spectra of the galaxy are used to approximate mass. Broad spectral lines indicate high velocity which in turns suggests a large mass (Garber). 2. Discuss how individual stars and the shapes of galaxies are affected by collisions. As a galaxy approaches another in a collision, the gravitational fields of the stars in each of them start to interweave and the resulting powerful tidal forces disturb and radically alter the shape of the galaxy, similar to the manner in which the gravitational pull of the moon causes the tide to rise in regions of the earth nearest to it but magnified a thousand times. A collision initiates the formation of tidal tails, bars or rings and colliding gas clouds produce knots of newly formed blue stars while the nucleus of the galaxy becomes deformed (sciencedaily.com). On the other hand, when stars collide, they merge together as one star that displays unusual brightness and heat relative to age so that they become very prominent in their globular cluster. These stars are referred to as â€Å"blue stragglers†. When stars increase in age and use up their hydrogen, they become cooler, less massive and red in color but through collisions, they obtain extra mass causing them to turn blue (Masters). This permits them to remain longer in the main sequence – the phase in a star’s life where it burns its hydrogen. 3. Explain the differences between the three types of galaxies and what happens to change their shape. An elliptical galaxy is rounded or oval in shape, do not have visible gas and dust or bright, hot stars and consists of population II stars. Elliptical galaxies are also surrounded by globular clusters. A spiral galaxy has a disc component, consists of both populations of stars, exhibits a nucleus and may have arms with differing orientations (Garber). An irregular galaxy does not present a regular pattern and includes new and old stars alike. Galactic interaction, collision and merging, which involve the effects of the gravitational fields of galaxies, are the primary events that change the shape of galaxies. The subsequent structure depends on both the type of the galaxies involved and the directions of their orbits (Keel). Collision, mentioned earlier, may not result in a merger if both galaxies have enough force to continue moving away from each other after the event. Galaxies are said to be interacting when they do not collide but both their gravitational attractions cause distortion and exchange of gas and dust (astro.umd.edu). In interactions that occur at slow speeds and involve galaxies with unequal masses, spiral formations may assume irregular-lenticular shapes (Than). Gases being pulled to the central region, as a result of tidal disturbances, clear away the spiral configuration, leaving behind a disk structure. The most drastic interaction is the merging of two galaxies and occurs when they collide but lose their momentum to slide past one another. Instead, they fall back into each other and unite into one galaxy, losing their original shapes in the process (astro.umd.edu). When a significantly more massive galaxy collides and merges with a smaller one in a type of interaction known as galactic cannibalism, the bigger galaxy does not exhibit a visible change in shape but the less massive galaxy is ripped apart, loses its shape and becomes integrated into the bigger one. Answers to Questions in Astronomy. (2016, Nov 07).

Information Systems and Strategy Management Assignment

Information Systems and Strategy Management - Assignment Example The firm must therefore radically change its information management systems to survive against the expected challenge. The European Union electricity supply sector represents a market share of over â‚ ¬150 billion annually, an annual investment of â‚ ¬30 billion Euros, while it employs over 750, 000 workers. The Electricity Supply Industry (ESIC) has a virtual monopoly in the European Union power supply industry, but the EU has decided to open up the market hence create competition for ESIC. In order for the power supply company, ESIC transform from a monopolistic system into a highly competitive market oriented firm, it needs to radically overhaul its information management systems. This will involve the company adopting a modern information technology (IT) system that incorporates all the firm’s divisions including the financial, production, and marketing sectors. Contemporary organizations have come to value the crucial importance of customer service to their continued survival. Firms with good customer oriented policies are able to able to maintain client royalty albeit the current fierce competition. The release of correct, regular and appropriate product information to workers, clients and providers across all channels is one of the fundamentals in retaining and acquiring new clientele. ESIC emerging from a monopolistic system will therefore need to change her information dissemination sector by revealing new products innovation information, financial dealings, among other news hence change her corporate image. ESIC must be geared to offer high quality customer service to her clientele by creating a seamless customer rapport across all the channels (generating, transmission, system control, distribution, supply sectors) by developing strategies aimed at surpassing the competing firms. Company products and information should be easily accessed either through the normal supply

Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obama - Essay Example In the US state of Ohio, there was great resonance between President Barack Obama’s arguments and those of the voters regarding the economic woes that America has experienced in the recent years as a result of the Bush government (â€Å"Fox News Exit†). On the national level, President Barack Obama’s campaign played a very important role opposing the supposed war on women by Romney. This gained President Barack Obama heavy support of the female voters whereas Mitt Romney gained no more than a point from the 2008 performance of John McCain. In addition to that, President Barack Obama also approved of the gay marriages in America understanding the fact that gays are growing in population in America. This gained him the support of the gay community as well and has contributed to his presidency for the second time. I personally think that President Barack Obama won the re-election fundamentally because he is black by ethnicity. The blacks in America have grown in population over the years and they see President Barack Obama as their own representative in such a prestigious institution as the government. Equality of races in America has been a growing concern since the end of slavery, but since then, the blacks’ rights have been subjugated at different levels, though not as overtly and openly as they were in the time of slavery. A vast majority of the black Americans voted for President Barack Obama because they did not want to lose their representation in the most powerful seat in America. The white Americans, on the other hand, were not quite as conscious about being represented in the government as the black Americans were because the former have always been more than sufficiently represented everywhere in America. So the white Americans primarily based their decision of voting betwee n President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on the basis of their evaluation of their individualistic strengths and weaknesses. Understandably, some white Americans did find