Cellphones Should Be Banned

Cellphones should be banned Nowadays you see cellphones everywhere: at the store, at a restaurant, and even at the theater. People seem not able to put them down or turn them off. Cellphones have negative effects on health, society, and safety. I have arranged my discussion in this order, ascending of importance, in order to give the reader some insight in the world of cellphones, and why cellphones should be banned. Cellphones can cause severe stress in all generations. Children and young adults are always on; they eat, sleep and shower with their cellphones.Gaby Badre, MD, PhD, of Sahlgren's Academy in Gothenburg, Sweden found out that â€Å"Teenagers who excessively use their cell phone are more prone to disrupted sleep, restlessness, stress and fatigue† (American Academy of Sleep Medicine). While teenagers are stressed when they are not on their phone, always being on can stress people in the workforce. â€Å"Increasing use of cell phones and pagers may be blurring the bo undaries between work and home and raising stress levels at both places† (Warner).Even though there is just anecdotal evidence of cellphone related cancer and brain damage in adults, evidence was found that cellphones can damage a child's brain. Children using mobile phones absorb as much as double the amount of radiation through their heads as adults. The leading scientist Dr. Om Ghandi, from the University of Utah, found that a child's brain can absorb radiation across its entire surface. Cellphone radiation mainly effects the neurological system of a child, â€Å"causing headaches, lack of concentration, memory loss and sleeping disorders.It can also cause epilepsy in children† (international parenting association). Further can radiation of cellphones harm body cells and DNA. In Europe 12 research groups, worked on the project called Reflex. Over four years the researchers, coordinated by the german research group Verum, â€Å"studied the effect of radiation on huma n and animal cells in the laboratory† (international parenting association). They found that single and double-strand DNA breaks, after being exposed to electro magnetic fields. Professor Leif Salford, who headed the research at Sweden's prestigious Lund University, says ‘the voluntary exposure of the brain to microwaves from hand-held mobile phones' is ‘the largest human biological experiment ever'† (international parenting association). Like cellphones have an effect on health, they have an impact on society. Cellphones affect social interactions, communication, and etiquette. When you are watching a group of young people going out, or waiting for the bus together, each person of the group is either texting or calling a friend that is not with the group right now, instead of talking to each other.They avoid uncomfortable situations and confrontations by either not answering a call or sending a text message. â€Å"Text messaging is dangerous, not only does it ruin social interaction between humans, writing skills and expression. Everything becomes so impersonal and simple† (Marquez). There is no awkward silence or nonverbal response connected to text messaging. You can basically say anything you want in text messages without revealing your feelings or opinions. Text messaging is impersonal and young adults seems to lose the ability to have a face to face conversation. Moreover do cellphone have a great impact on Socioeconomic Diversity.Cellphones and cellphone contracts are expensive. Not every parent or student can afford a cellphone with unlimited text, call, and data. This may set young adults apart from their peer and make them subject of bullying. â€Å"People can be inconsiderate when using the phone in public† (ehow) – phone etiquette is poor or does not exist at all. Answering phone calls during a movie or theater show, to holding up the line at the store, or bumping into people on the street, because of fo cusing on the cell phone instead of their surroundings, are all examples of poor cell phone etiquette.But the biggest problem with cellphones is safety. The National Safety Council states that 28% of all car accidents are caused by cellphone use behind the wheel. The study â€Å"A comparison of Cellphone Driver and the Drunk Driver†, by Daniel L. Strayer and et al. , at the University of Utah in 2006, states that talking on the phone while driving equals a blood alcohol of 0. 08%. While teenagers are texting, they spend about 10 percent of the time outside the driving lane they’re supposed to be in (Edgar Snyder).But there are other crucial safety issues connected with cellphones beside cellphone use while driving. Sexting, the submission of sexual messages or pictures, is becoming more and more popular among teen agers, and young adults. â€Å"In January 2009, three high school girls from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania were charged with manufacturing and dissemina ting or possessing child pornography after they allegedly sent nude or seminude cell phone pictures of themselves to three male classmates. The boys, ages sixteen and seventeen,were charged with possession of child ornography for having the images on their phones. The girls involved were even younger, just fourteen and fifteen years of age (Calvert). News like that are disturbing, but far from uncommon. Young adults and teenagers reported that sexting is regarded as normal, and prerequisite for dating and hooking up. But sexted images and messages are not safe. With todays cellphone technology it is easy to send those pictures viral, online, without the initial sender knowing. The sender can be publicly exposed without their knowing.Furthermore can others take your picture without your consent. When convicted for distributing or owning child pornography, a teenager or young adult can face the chance to be labeled as sex offenders, â€Å"a stigma that could haunt them throughout the ir lives, all for what one might consider a youthful, sophomoric indiscretion† (Calvert). Cellphones appear to be very convenient, yet they come with severe side effects. After considering the health, society, and safety issues that cellphones bring with them a ban of cellphones is justified.Unfortunately a ban is not in sight for right now so we need to make sure that children, teenagers and young adults learn how to use their cellphones right, without depending on them too much. Work Cited Calvert, Clay. â€Å"SEX, CELL PHONES, PRIVACY, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT: WHEN CHILDREN BECOME CHILD PORNOGRAPHERS AND THE LOLITA EFFECT UNDERMINES THE LAW. † Firstamandmend. com. Web. 2 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Developing the Child Brain. † ‘Early Learning' Parenting Resource.Early Learning' Parents Resource. Web. 01 May 2012. ;http://www. internationalparentingassociation. org/BrainDevelopment/cellphones. html;. Titus, Christa. â€Å"Negative Impact of Mobile Phones on Soci ety. † EHow. Demand Media, 26 July 2009. Web. 02 May 2012. ;http://www. ehow. com/facts_5217378_negative-impact-mobile-phones-society. html;. â€Å"Cell Phone & Texting Accident Statistics. † Edgarsnyder. com. Web. 03 May 2012. ;http://www. edgarsnyder. com/car-accident/cell-phone/statistics. html;. Marquez, Cesar. â€Å"Negative Aspects of Text Messaging. â€Å"

Fish- Beneath the Surface (An article for ‘Future of Fish’ magazine)

Natural cod stocks going down. There has been much press coverage of the decline in natural cod stocks due to over fishing in the North Sea. I like my cod and chips and so was quite concerned about this. It may be too late to get the numbers back up to 1970's levels but less documented by the press, is the rapid growth of mariculture, the cultivation of marine organisms for food, which retailers say could ‘revolutionise the fishing industry' (2). I visited the Manx Mariculture fish hatchery to investigate the principles behind fish farming and soon discovered that it was not without its problems. As my guide, Rick Fullerton, explained, a bacterial problem in the live feed meant that the hatchery faced a crisis in the year 2006 when only a few hundred cod were produced instead of the target 1 million. This is a common problem in mariculture and there is the potential for exciting new developments in the production of live feed which could eliminate this problem in the future. Use of live feed as an answerMuscular System: Muscle Metabolism In order to kill bacteria, live feed may be disinfected or treated with UV rays (6). A recent study (Cutts, Sherwood and Treasurer) showed that bacterial numbers were lower in tanks of live feed treated with Pyceze, often used as a disinfectant of water and a preservative in cosmetic products, and the survival of larvae was 6.1% higher (6). Other future developments in the production of live feed may include using rotifers which match the nutritional requirements of the larvae. This could be achieved by finding new methods of enrichment. Research in collaboration with Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) has been carried out into developing enrichment methods using vitamin C, bacteria and fungi (7). Rotifers: These multicellular animals are 200-300à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m in length and are kept at a density of around 1500 per ml (3). They supply the nutritional requirements of fish larvae by retaining nutrients which are then passed on to the larvae (5), ensuring rapid growth. As I go round, a putrid smell laces the air. Dark and bitter, it hangs heavily in the small room. The humidity makes it difficult to breath. Four tanks prevail to one side, overbearing. This is the live feed room of the Manx Mariculture fish hatchery. I peer closer to make out the reptilian green contents of the tanks. Here, rotifers, used as live feed, are grown in aerated tanks on a diet of yeast and algae at 25à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C (3), optimum conditions for growth. The cod and turbot larvae farmed at the site are reared on these for up to 20 days during which time it is not possible to produce food pellets small enough for their consumption. To small to be seen with the naked eye, rotifers are an excellent replacement of the fish's natural diet, zooplankton (copepods) and they are enriched to supply the nutritional requirements of the larvae. Nutrition in the diet is essential in ensuring optimum growth. Brine shrimps: With my knowledge of cod limited to its appearance in a plastic take-out box, the sight of the fish at 20 days, with their dark silken bodies deftly navigating the water, surprises me. At this age, they are around 7-8 mm in length and are fed for a further 20 days on brine shrimp, or Artemia, 500-700 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m in length (3). By using a specially formulated diet for the Artemia, their nutritional content is increased to maximise the growth of the larvae. This also reduces pigmentation problems in the turbot, a species of fish I had not previously heard of. My first impression of them is that they bear a certain resemblance to the shape of a stingray. They line the bottom of the holding tanks, their slender bodies overlapping, producing a carpet of shimmering grey. A tight ship: Nevertheless, live feed production is extremely expensive. To improve efficiency at Manx Mariculture, rotifer production is carried out as a continuous process. Future developments are needed in the production and reliability of rotifer and Artemia whilst reducing the cost of the feeds. Recent studies (Lubzens E, Zmora O, Barr Y, 2001) have shown that the rotifers, B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis, are two species of rotifer most suited to mariculture. Fish and chips – a change of diet As cod are cannibalistic, grading is carried out at 2 to 4 months using filters of increasing width to separate out different sizes into different tanks. This increases the survival rate of smaller, weaker cod which may not have survived in the wild. As it is not economically viable to produce live feed in large amounts as the fish mature, they are weaned off this and onto a diet of hard fishmeal pellets. This is achieved by gradually increasing the ratio of hard pellets to live food, fed once a day using automated feeders suspended above the tanks. Made from smaller species of fish and crustaceans unfit for human consumption, standard fishmeal has a content of 65-67% protein and 12% fat (8). There may be some dispute over the validity of this data as it is from an internet site and the source is not clear, therefore it cannot be guaranteed that the information is entirely accurate. Fishmeal contains proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins but very little carbohydrate. Its close composition to that of the fish's natural diet makes it an excellent alternative (8). Fishmeal increases feed efficiency and growth due to a greater nutrient uptake and absorption. It also provides a high amount of energy per unit weight (8). Lipids in the diet provide phospholipids and fatty acids required for optimum growth and development. They are also important in the structure and function of cell membranes. They can be easily digested and have a high energy content which is important as the diet contains little carbohydrate. This is most likely because there is limited availability of carbohydrates in marine environments (9). If the diet does not provide enough energy, protein needed for growth will be broken down instead which increases the costs of fish farming. Protein is needed in the diet as it provides the 10 essential amino acids which the fish cannot synthesis. Fishmeal also contains minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and vitamins including the B-complex (8). There are, however, ethical concerns over the use of fishmeal as some argue that for every tonne of farmed fish produced, 5 tonnes of fishmeal are used in the process. On the other hand, fishmeal can be seen to reduce pollution to the environment as there is increased nutrient uptake by the fish (8). Green issues Further environmental concerns which surround fish farming include the pollution caused by waste being discharged into the sea. However, made up of fish waste and undigested food, this is natural and it does not cause major problems or damage to marine environments (3). This likely to be accurate and precise information as Nick Fullerton is a professional with a degree in biology and has had many years experience in mariculture. The energy cost of running the hatchery which includes pumping water 24 hours day and the continuous monitoring probes must also be taken into account when considering the environmental implications of fish farming. A breath of fresh air Continuing my tour, I am shown the large round tanks where the fish are held. A strange looking square device sits on the surface of the water. Consisting of a flimsy plastic frame, it looks unimportant, however, it has the potential to raise the survival of the fish by 90% (3). This is a surface skimmer which cleans the surface of the water by blowing air over it to remove the oily film which would otherwise build up. When the surface is clear, young fish are able to gulp air in order to inflate the swim bladder, an organ in bony fish used for buoyancy. As the fish rely on the water in order to breathe and grow, the water quality can have a huge impact on the success of fish farming (10). The seawater in the hatchery is filtered through filters only 1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m thick in order to remove most harmful bacteria and parasites and the continuous flow maintains the water quality (3). Bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Oceanospirillum, Marinobactera and Paracoccus are common in marine environments (11). Much more impressive are the electronic probes which measure oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia levels and pH. However, water is not recirculated otherwise very strict controls would have to be enforced on water quality (3). Oxygen, required for aerobic respiration, is kept at a concentration of 8 mg per litre, or almost 100% saturation (At 20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, normal pressure and in freshwater, 9.1 mg/L = 100% saturation (12)). Fish require a high concentration of oxygen because they are very active and have a high metabolism. The oxygen concentration is increased when stress levels are elevated such as during transport. This causes the heart rate to increase and so the fish to take in more oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels are kept below 5 parts per million (ppm) and ammonia which is excreted by the fish is kept below 0.02 ppm. PH is ideally kept between 6.5 and 9.0 (10). More advanced probes are being developed but these advancements are limited by cost. Temperature is kept around 7-8à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C for cod and slightly warmer for turbot. These temperatures are maintained by 3 water inlets to each tank of cold, heated and ambient water. Hot water is not used due to the high cost, especially as the water is not recirculated. Food for thought The ethics of keeping the fish at high stocking densities needs to be considered, however, it can also be seen that their survival is much higher than in the wild. At 50 days, this is 20-30% compared with less than 1% in the wild (3). Turbot even appear to thrive at high densities (13) as this is natural to them in a marine environment on the ocean floor. This is likely to be valid information as it comes from an educational source although, published in 1992, it is not up-to-date. Another concern is that if farmed fish escape and breed with wild stock, the genetic strain may be weakened as farmed cod have lost much of their natural awareness (3). Help or hindrance? Mariculture is growing worldwide at a rate of 5% annually (14) but is it actually accomplishing its aim of increasing fish stock? The use of fishmeal in fish farming means that it relieves pressure on one species only to transfer it to others. It can be argued that the numbers of other species of fish removed from the ocean in order to feed farmed fish mean that the problem is not solved. Furthermore, depleted stocks of other species may disrupt complex food webs in marine ecosystems as ‘population dynamics, competition for food and patterns of predation' are changed (15).

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A System Approach To Small Group Interaction Essay

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Financial Management during Economic Downturn Essay

Financial Management during Economic Downturn - Essay Example However, during the period of economic downturn or recession, this task is little more difficult as financial decisions are not likely work out as planned by a financial manager. Planning is relatively a simple task as it basically needs only past data with information on how to relate them to future conditions. But, when it comes to realise that financial outcomes do not come out as planned, the firm's financial position gets affected adversely and eventually its existence. Keeping this in view the present paper attempts to discuss the problems that are faced by a financial manger during the period of economic downturn. The paper does not discuss the issue from the view point of any particular firm. Instead it presents the issue from a macroeconomic point of view taking all types of firms. Economic downturn or recession is an economic situation wherein the general economic activities experience a slow down. When the general economic activities of a country get affected by a recession, the country's economic progress and growth will surely be affected leading to low GDP; spending; employment opportunities; capacity utilisation; and individual and household income (Roland 2007). In fact, these variables are necessary to the economic progress and prosperity of a country and its business activities. In short, economic slowdown affects the business activities by low demand for goods and services, poor cash flow from customers and low lending by financial institutions in the economy. This will eventually result in unavailability of finance (log term and short term), less collection from debtors, unavailability of factors of production for enterprises in the economy (The United States Department of Labor 2006). These cause serious financial implications such as low profitabi lity and less growth to the shareholders, which threaten the smooth functioning of business operations. As a result, the individual financial manager should chalk out certain financial plans to revive his firm from economic slowdown. 3.0 Financial Manager's Role The financial manager's role is pivotal in a firm which runs through a tough economy leading to poor debt collection and credit availability. The responsibility of a financial manager in such a pathetic situation is to revive the firm to the earlier position. But it is a huge task and he needs to take and follow a proactive approach rather than reactive efforts. He should take initiatives right from financial planning and budgeting on the anticipation of economic slowdown at any time in future. Moreover, the plans and budgets are to be aligned to the actual happenings in such a way that there is no big gap between the two. The following sections will detail some of the important measures to be followed by a financial manager in times of general economic recession. 3.1 Cash flow Projections Liquid cash is an essential element for the smooth flow of routine business activities. Cash is needed for a number of activities right from purchasing stationery to payment of dividend to shareholders. Unless the firm has a level of cash enough to meet the daily needs, the business operations get affected and will adversely impact the flow of goods and services to the customers. This implies liquid cash is an essential asset, the absence of which will affect the normal operations and

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The Different Types of Leases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

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How Has The Global Financial Crisis Impacted Consumer Behaviour with Dissertation

How Has The Global Financial Crisis Impacted Consumer Behaviour with Reference to The UK Car Industry - Dissertation Example h 40 3.8.2 Plagiarism 40 3.9 Chapter Review 41 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 42 Chapter 5: ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS 55 5.1 Conclusions 55 5.2 Recommendations 56 5.3 Reflections 57 REFERENCES 59 List of Figures Figure 1.3.1: Factors influencing Car Buyer Behaviour 6 Figure 2.1.1: GDP Growth in the United Kingdom 13 Figure 2.1.2: Financial Conditions and Housing Price Developments in the United Kingdom 13 Figure 2.1.3: Unemployment in the United Kingdom during the Global Financial Crisis 14 Figure 2.1.4: Seasonally Adjusted Household Final Consumption Expenditure for the UK 16 Figure 2.1.5: UK Consumer Confidence 17 Figure 2.1.6: Seasonally Adjusted Durable Goods Expenditure Growth Rates for the United Kingdom 18 Figure 2.1.7: Seasonally Adjusted Transport Growth Rates for the United Kingdom 19 Figure 2.1.8: UK Mortgage Approvals 20 Figure 2.1.9: UK Investment Risk Appetite 20 Figure 2.2.1: New and Used Car Sales in the United Kingdom 23 Figure 2.2.2: New Car Market Volume and Value in the United Kingdom 24 Figure 2.2.3: Steps that Consumers Took to Offset Rising Fuel Prices 25 Figure 4.1: New Car Registrations for Ford in the United Kingdom 44 Figure 4.2: New Car Registrations for Vauxhall in the United Kingdom 44 Figure 4.3: New Car Registrations for Volkswagen in the United Kingdom 45 Figure 4.4: New Car Registrations for BMW in the United Kingdom 45 Figure 4.5: New Car Registrations for Audi in the United Kingdom 46 Figure 4.6: New Car Registrations for Nissan in the United Kingdom 46 Figure 4.7: Income Distribution Level of those Contemplating Buying a Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis 49 Figure 4.8: Price Paid for Current Car in the United Kingdom after End of the Global Financial Crisis 50 Figure 4.9: Factors Initiating Decision to Buy a Current Car in the United Kingdom after the End of the Global Financial Crisis 51 Figure 4.10: Number of Models Considered when Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 52 Figure 4.11: Sources of Information Used when Deciding about Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 53 Figure 4.12: Trade-offs when Deciding about Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 54 List of Tables Table 4.1: New Car Registrations for Various Models of Cars during the Global Financial Crisis 43 Table 4.2: Most Popular Models of Cars Sold in the United Kingdom in the Year 2010 47 Acknowledgements Declaration of Originality MASTERS DISSERTATION SUBMISSION FORM Student’s family name: First names: Student ID No: Course: Supervisor: Dissertation Title: How has the Global

DATA MINING AND VISUALISATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DATA MINING AND VISUALISATION - Essay Example Name of Algorithm: Eulid’s Algorithm Criteria of the Eulid’s Algorithm To measure was defined as placing shorter measuring length S in a successful times (q times) along a longer length (L), until the remaining portion (r) becomes less than the shorter length (S). In other words, the remainder r = L – q x s, q as the quotient is the modulus, which is the integer fractional par left after the division. In order for this method to work well, the lengths starting the process ought to satisfy 2 requirements. First, the lengths need not be zero. Secondly, the subtraction need not be proper and the test should guarantee that of the two, the smaller must be subtracted from the larger one. Description of the Eulid’s Algorithm This algorithm was postulated by Euclid who poses a math problem. The problem is such that provided with 2 numbers that are not prime to each other one would find the greatest common measure for the two numbers. In this case, the number was d efined as the multitude consisting of units, a counting number, and a positive integer excluding zero. The original proof of the Euclid adds a third, in which the two lengths not being prime to the other. Euclid stipulated with a view to construct a proof that the common measure for the two numbers is in the greatest. ... This is again subtracted from 21 with the remainder being 14, from which 7 is subtracted. In this case, seven would be left. However, seven cannot be subtracted from 7 (Yanhong, 2002). The diagram below shows the Euclid’s algorithm. Advantages of Euclid’s algorithm Euclid’s algorithm has various advantages. First, the algorithm involves step-by-step rep. of the solution to any given problem and it also has a definite procedure hence it is quite easy understanding it. It is quite easy developing and converting it to the flowchart and finally developing it into a computer program. Additionally, the algorithm is independent of the programming language, and given that every step has its logical sequence it is easy debugging it. Disadvantages of the Eudlid’s algorithm. The use and development process of the algorithm is somewhat cumbersome, as well as time consuming given that the algorithm has to be developed first, then be converted into a flowchart and final ly a computer program. Name of the algorithm: Force-based Criteria of Force-based algorithm The force-based algorithms often achieve the pattern through assigning forces in a set of edges, along with the set of nodes. In this case, the straight forward method entails assigning forces as though the edges were springs and nodes as though they were particles that were electrically charged. The graph is stimulated as though it were the physical system with the forces being applied on the nodes, by pulling the nodes together and pushing the somewhat further apart. The process is repeated iteratively until when the system reaches the equilibrium state. In this case, the relative positions of the nodes are not altered from one position to the other. The graph is then drawn at such

Robin Hood Case Study Essay Example for Free

Robin Hood Case Study Essay 1) Create a basic organization chart for Robin Hood and his men. Robin Hood organization has a centralized top-down management style structure. Robin Hood is the CEO of the organization; his four lieutenants are directors of specific departments which are responsible for providing research and gathering information, finances, training, and provisioning. 2) What problems does Robin Hood have? What top 4 issues need to be addressed? * Misalignment of goals of the top executives and the subordinates (Robin Hood’s primarily goal is the personal vendetta with the Sheriff, while the main purpose of the majority of Merrymen is to reallocate wealth from rich to the poor or simply to gain profits) * Obsolete strategy to generate revenues (Travelers started to avoid the forest not to have their goods confiscated) * Food shortage (the growing band started to exceed food capacities of the forest) * The growing strength of the rivals (The Sheriff was growing stronger and becoming better organized) 3) Do Robin Hood and the Merrymen need a new mission and plan? Is continuing with the present course of action an option or is that now obsolete? The old mission of the Robin Hood has become obsolete due to certain changes in the internal and external environment. The old ways to generate revenues do not yield the expected results any longer as the travelers started to avoid the forest. There is mounting evidence that the old strategy is not working as the organization is facing a financial crisis. The declining vigilance and discipline of the Merrymen represent a growing problem that need to be addressed immediately. The shared enmity against the Sheriff which united the Merrymen of the organization has become of secondary importance to the new members leading to misalignment of goals. Therefore, Robin Hood and Merrymen need a new mission in order to respond to both internal and external changes. 4) Do you think make sense to impose a fixed transit tax to counter the decline in revenues? Why or why not? Imposing a transit tax on the travelers as a part of a new strategy of the organization can yield numerous benefits to its members. The flow of customers will increase as rich members will prefer to pay a tax and reach their destination faster going through the Sherwood Forest. They will not be afraid to have their goods confiscated. Transit tax will help to generate constant revenues and provide sustainable income to the group. The problems of insufficient funding and scarce resources will be solved. In order to convince the Merrymen that it is a good idea and not to lose farmers and townspeople as the allies, tax collection should be given a good cause. The part of the imposed taxes can be donated to raise the ransom for popular king Richard. 5) What is your opinion about expanding the band’s operations to a larger area around Sherwood Forest as a way of solving these problems? Why or why not is this a good idea? Expansion of the raiding area is a good tactical move as it can solve some problems associated with financing, scarce recourses, and even discipline. Since travelers are avoiding the forest, the scope of the operations needs to be extended outside of the forest in order to generate revenues. The gang needs to be broken down into smaller units in order to cover the extended area. Consequently it will be easier to train, organize, an enforce discipline in smaller units of Merrymen supervised by managers. 6) Should they try and end the campaign by killing the sheriff? Why or why not? Killing the Sheriff would only satisfy the thirst for Robin Hood’s revenge; however, it is unlikely to solve all the problems that organization faces. In fact it could also worsen the matter. The Prince would appoint the next Sheriff who would be just as bad if not worse. The friends and allies of the Sheriff would seek revenge and put more efforts into capturing Robin Hood. One of the common goals that united Merrymen which is the shared enmity and hatred against the Sheriff will be lost with the death of the Sheriff. 7) What are the pros and cons of accepting the offer of the Barons to assist in securing King Richard’s release from prison? There are numerous advantages in accepting the offer of the barons: * The gang will be granted amnesty and will not face persecution from the authorities any longer. * Robin Hood and Merrymen will eventually end the campaign against the Sherriff. * If the rescue is successful, they will return their law abiding life, become national heroes, and will enjoy the benefits of the new position such as generous rewards and protection from the new king. * By putting a fair and intelligent king on the thrown, Merrymen will help to improve the socio-economic conditions of the population of England. However, accepting the offer is a dangerous and risky venture. * Robin Hood and Merrymen will face a very powerful rival, Prince John, who has an army of trained soldiers, numerous spies, and abundant recourses. * In case of failure of the new campaign, the revenge of t he Prince John can be detrimental and can put an end to Robin Hood and his organization. 8) What course of action of the above choices would you recommend to Robin? Be specific about why you chose this and how it addresses the problems you identified in question 2. Robin should accept the offer of the barons to help to rescue King Richard. As mentioned above the new strategy of the organization will provide numerous benefits and help to solve many existing problems. New mission will align the goals and objectives of the top executive and other members of the group, ensuring consistency in overall strategy. Imposing a transient tax to raise money for the ransom will help to achieve financial strength of the organization. The travelers, farmers and townspeople who are interested in overthrowing Prince John will be willing to help Robin Hood and provide them with provision and financial resources, resolving the problems of the food shortage. Forming strategic alliance with the baron will help to gain competitive edge over the rivals. 9) How should Robin implement your recommended strategy? Make a list of the top five specific action steps (tactics) that he needs to take in order to implement this plan. * Meet with the barons (Inform the barons about accepting the offer, obtain details about King Richard captivity) * Enforce security within the organization (Stop recruiting new agents and improve internal control over Merrymen not to let the spies of Prince John find out about the new plan) * Send spies to Prince John’s court to be aware of rivals’ actions * Introduce a transient tax in order to raise money for ransom * Form a team that will deliver ransom and free King Richard 10) Show a new organization chart for Robin Hood and his men, based on whatever new course of action you recommend in question 8.

The effect divorce has on children Essay Example for Free

The effect divorce has on children Essay In todays culture, divorces have come to be a mean in our lives. Married people these days are getting separated due to various problems, moreover because of struggles in the marriages, lack of passionate feelings, marriage couple cheating on their spouse, and other kind of marriage difficulties. Furthermore these divorced couples have kids that are young, who have no idea on how to deal with an event like a divorce. The effect touches all growing stages of children. Expressive and social problems can begin in the preschool stage of development. In the first underdevelopment stage, children tend to have fear and daydream that their parents will get back together. In the late idleness period, kids will label one parent good and one parent bad centered on their own needs. In some cases kids become depressed and suicidal. Some will even question their future martial relationships. Kids of divorced parents experience many issues that can upset a childs life whether it is their academics, behaviors or parent child relationships. Academic success is one of the key effects of divorce on children. Divorce disrupts steady monitoring, problem solving, and constant correction, and each of them contribute to failing at school and altered peer relationship. If the parents are working continually they will neglect taking care of the household then she/he will not be able to see what their kid is doing. Divorced parents tend to be less constant, exercise less control, and do less monitoring over children. Without the parents checking the kids, they may hang out with the wrong crowd, and the parent would not even become mindful of it. Hanging out with unpleasant people will in turn influence the kids performance in school. It will be hard for children to control their aggression especially for those who came from a divorced family. Typically children are suffering from certain emotional problem such as, depression and this will continue to develop while they are growing as an adult. Sometime children might also experience the distress of being left alone with their loved one, which can cause anxiety. Unfortunately, these emotional conditions may continue even  in their adult stages. The feeling of segregation and grief may also be experienced by these children, which can cause adverse effects. Children are inclined to take the fault once their parents get separated. They contemplate that they are the ones guilty, because the marriage did not last. The development of the kids will without a doubt be affected, and can lead to responsibility which they will be showing up until they grow of age. Making friends with other children will be tough for kids, for the reason of unrestrained behavior due to the split of their parents. Urgings and tension amongst parents may brand the children and make him or her feel guilty, irritated, and without help. Trying to brand the kids to take sides and go against the other parent generates mix-up for the kids and put them in the central of a grown-up fight. It is vital to let the kids make up their individual thoughts about their parents. Divorce is not a stress-free thing to understand for any person, and furthermore their kids. Children of divorced parents experience many issues that can upset a childs life whether it is their academics, behaviors, or parent child relationships. This is why permitting your kids to comprehend why their parents decided to end the marriage is essential. The drive behind this is for the reason that, they must be familiar with, that both of their parents can no longer continue with their affiliation due to reasons that are not connected with their kids. This will assist the kids to comprehend, and to feel that their parents separated because of other reasons and it is not connected to them in any shape or form. Working together with your kids is very essential, for them to feel valued and safe and sound in spite of the break up problem that take place amongst their parents. What is really important to a child is know that they matter and they are love. It is accurate that kids are our future, so perhaps we ought to take this information into more thought when making the choice to split-up which might have undesirable consequence on their future well-being of our kids.

Welfare Provision Of Community Care And Health Social Work Essay

Welfare Provision Of Community Care And Health Social Work Essay The Welfare state in Britain as we know it was formed in the twentieth century but its origins can be traced back to mediaeval times; welfare was delivered collectively, free of the state many local churches ran hospitals; however the word hospitals should not be understood in todays terms. In mediaeval times these places were communities. Were the sick, frail and elderly in particular were looked after. Back then Parishes in Britain had a responsibility to their poor, In 1598 Elizabeth I, passed an Act for the Relief of the Poor, this is known as The Elizabethan Poor Law. It offered the poor some protection, and less sturdy beggars were sent back to their parish of origin for help, every parish appointed overseers of the poor who were responsible for setting up parish houses for those unable of supporting themselves and finding work for the unemployed. Around the time the industrial revolution came, the rapid population growth and development of the towns, and the first experience o f modern unemployment, along with this came increasing poor rates, In 1833 Earl Gray Prime Minister, set up a Poor Law Commission to scrutinise the working of the poor Law system that had been put in place in Britain. In his report published in 1834, the Commission made several recommendations to Parliament. As a result, the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed. (The poor Act of 1598 continued till 1948) This Essay will discuss the theories in social policy, which underpin welfare provision and to what extent have these theories influenced the delivery of welfare services and met the demands of a changed and changing society this essay will also examine the welfare provision of Community care and Health. The Poor Laws were very much disliked, a great deal of the development of social services in the 20th century including means tests, health care and national insurance were designed to avoid having to rely on them and in many industrialised societies social exclusion and poverty are alleviated to some degree by the introduction of a welfare state. The majority of industrialised and industrialising countries in the world today are welfare states, this means that the state plays a central role in the provision of welfare; it does this through a system that offers benefits and services to ensure that peoples basic needs such as Income, Housing, Education and Healthcare are meet. The welfare state has a daunting task of managing the risk faced by people, over the duration of their lives such as: Job loss, old age, sickness and disabilities, the level of welfare services and spending vary from country to country, a number of countries have a highly developed welfare systems and allocate a large proportion of their national budget to them, over the years there are many theories and Political views on welfare and are often divided into right and left wing views over the welfare state and some have shaped the policies that we have in place today. The right wing: is against public provision of welfare and are for residual welfare They are seen as individualist on the other hand the left wing: is for public provision of welfare and residual welfare and are seen as collectivist, however this is not so straight forwards as it first seems this might also be dependent on The positions that might be held by people. There is an individualistic left wing, and a collectivist right wing. Many right-wingers accept the principle of institutional welfare, and many left wingers are uncomfortable about institutional measures, like student grants or earnings-related pensions, which favour richer people over poorer ones, Left-wingers however support social security (which enable people to buy food in the private market) rather than soup kitchens (which are more of fern than not publicly provided). The main political perspective of welfare positions are: The Marxist, The Conservatism and The Liberal individualism. The Marxist: Marxist core beliefs are that welfare concentrates principally on its relationship to the exercise of power. Marxist argues that welfare has been developed through the strength of working-class resistance to exploitation they further argue that the state can be seen as an instrument of a complex set of systems which reflects the contradictions of the society or as a ruling capitalist class or at least a pert of it. The Conservatism: Conservatives core beliefs lie in the importance of the social order. This is reflected in a respect for tradition, an emphasis on the importance of religion, and a stress on the importance of inequality such as inequalities of caste or class Conservatives believe that Welfare is a secondary issue and the basis for structured social relationships., The Liberal individualism: Liberalism believes that the premise that everyone is an individual, and that individuals have rights. They mistrust the state and they also believe that society is likely to regulate itself if state interference is removed. The liberalism central core belief is freedom. All freedoms are not equally important; their main values and concerns are with certain particularly important freedoms, such as freedom, of worship, of speech, and. of assembly. The welfare state stretched further under the pre First World War, from the outset the Liberal governments principle emerged that the state should eliminate the worst causes of poverty and introduced a number of policies these included: Health, Housing, Education, Pensions and unemployment insurance and minimum wage boards and other measures on a strictly limited scale, these minimum standards had been introduced to give a basic level of assistance which was assumed no one would be allowed to fall below, the principle of a national minimum standard of life looks very different today form how the legislations and public policy was originally formulated, it was an attempt to prevent destitution and to deal with poverty. In 1911 the first National Health Insurance Act was passed, Lloyd George, Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer assured employers it would ease the unsettled workforce and in turn would raise productivity by reducing sickness absence. World war one put a temporarily halte d workers growing militancy. With the womens work force increased the factory workers produced an even greater mood for change and with the horrific suffering soldiers coming home from war blind and with out limbs other suffering from mustard gas poising, In 1917 Lloyd George, by now prime minister, warned: that the Russian revolution has already inspired workers across Europe. Lloyd George Argued The working class will be expecting a really new world. They will never go back to where they were before the war. He promised a land fit for heroes, he was hoping to convince workers that life would improve without them following their Russian cousins. In todays society we have been increasingly aware of the many diverse needs of people needing help from a partly or non finical kind these would include: the blind, the deaf, long term sick and the handicapped, single parent families, unmarried mother, and newly arrived emigrants est. Although the principle of a national minimum standard of life is still in place it has immensely improved in comparison over the last 90 years. The British political history of social policies since 1940s have been many and varied, before the 1945 elections some new social policies had already been put in place there were three critical developments that took place during the second world war, the early drive towards the establishment of a national health service, the Beveridge Report and the Butler education act of 1944. The Beveridge Report one of many efforts to plan for the forthcoming peace, it was widely acknowledged within Coalition Government that after the war Brittan would need to rationalise and improve its income maintenance policy; the report itself was a combination of detailed proposals for a comprehensive social insurance system and significant needs for future social policy. Beveridge described the road to social reconstruction after the war as involving Slaying the five giants of Want, Disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. The report had set down, had three conditions that were necessary to the development of a satisfactory system of income maintenance. The introduction of setting up a comprehensive health and rehabilitation service, a system of family allowance and the maintenance of full time employment, at the time these accompanying conditions made more political impact than the social insurance proposals. The Beveridge Report (1942) The Beveridge Report launched the introduction of the Welfare State. The core reforms included: The Education Act 1944 provided free secondary education for all children. The Family Allowances Act 1945 provided universal benefits for families with two or more children. The National Health Service Act 1946 provided free and universal health care. The National Insurance Act 1946 provided unemployment and sickness benefits. The Children Act 1946 gave local authorities to set up social work for children. Beveridge social insurance proposal involved flat rate benefit payments to the unemployed, widows, pensioners and the sick. This was a fixed amount for individuals with additions made for dependants with no graduation In relation to past earnings however this was to be funded by flat rate contributions from the insured, their employers and the state. Health On the 5 July 1948, The National Health Service started (The National Health Service Act 1946) The NHS was based on principles unlike anything that had gone before in health care.  It was a historic achievement; however at that time majority of doctors were opposed to the idea, they believed that they would lose money as a result of it. Their belief was that their professional freedom would be jeopardised i.e. Doctors believed they would treat fewer private patients and the outcome meant they would lose out financially. Added to this was a strong belief that the NHS would not allow patients to pick their doctor however this was not to be the case and 95% of all of the medical profession joined the NHS. Others countries at that time still tended to rely on insurance based schemes Before the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS), family doctors (General Practice) charged for their service. The majority of families that were Low-paid asked for a GP as a last choice, often they had to borrowing money from their families, neighbours or the pawnbroker to pay the bill. However more affluent workers paid into Friendly Societies as insurance. In some parts of Brittan, workers joined together to pay a doctor with a weekly stoppage out of their wages. The trade unions also organised clubs like this were the worker could see a GP when they were sick the trades unions realised that keeping a healthy work force was more hands on tools. Some cottage hospitals were built with workers contributions, particularly in mining areas like South Wales. However the NHS was to be financed almost 100% from central taxation.  Bevan regarded this as a crucial part of the scheme that the rich should pay more than the poor for comparable benefits and People could be referred to any hospital, local or more distant also everyone was eligible for care, even people visiting the country or temporarily resident. Care was entirely free at the point of use. This proved to be a costly mistake as the government underestimated the demand on the NHS with most people it proved to be extremely popular as it quickly found that its resources were being used up from NHS earliest days it seemed to be short of money the annual sums that had been set aside for glasses and for treatment such as dental surgery were quickly used up. The  £2 million put aside to pay for free spectacles over the first nine months of the NHS went in six weeks estimates of the cost of the NHS were soon exceeded and within three years some although prescription changes and denta l charges were subsequently introduced a charges of one shilling (5p) and a flat rate of  £1 for dental treatment. This was a small amount if you compare the price of a prescription in the United Kingdom today is  £7.20 per item. The cost of NHS dental care most courses of treatment cost  £16.50 or  £45.60. The maximum charge for a complex course of treatment is  £198. The government had estimated that the NHS would cost  £140 million a year by 1950. In fact, by 1950 the NHS was costing  £358 million. Over the years the NHS went through many rough periods over finances and in the 1970s things managed to go from bad to worse, Brittan was in the gip that can only described industrial unrest It was the decade of strikes, piles of rotting rubbish on the street and electricity shortages for thousands of people the 70s was a time when people were just trying to make ends meet in difficult economic conditions, when industrial action hit the NHS and Financial problems also hit the service in 1978 and 1979 as oil shortages in the winter of discontent took hold. This was not help when the consultants went up in arms over the proposals to reduce the amount of private work they undertook. The 1970s started the ongoing debate on the best way for the NHS to evolve. With this in mind GPs introduced the first charter to encouraging the growth of primary care in the UK match local health authority boundaries with the new boundaries created in local government. A new system of distributing the resources of the health service more evenly was also implemented in 1974, a few months later a Royal Commission was appointed to look into the problem. The NHS was slowly changing its mind set looking at people as customers and not as patients and turning towards private investors to help fund and shape the NHS; however before the introduction the first wave of 57 NHS Trusts came into being in 1991and By 1995 all health care was provided by trusts. The majority of family doctors were given budgets to buy health care from NHS trusts and they could also buy health care from the private sector this scheme was called GP fund holding. Patients of GP fund holders were often able to obtain treatment more quickly than patients of non-fund holders. Becoming a NHS trusts this was the new future was to be a provider in the internal market, health organisations, independent organisations with their own management, competing with each other. . Community care Community care as we know it today came in the 1950s and 1960s; this was the result of political realism and progress in the understanding of mental health and the treatments now available this also includes social changes civil rights campaigns and a rise in the patients rights movement, moving away from the isolation of the mentally ill in old Victorian asylums towards their re-integration into the community. The 1959 Mental Health Act encouraged the development of community care and abolished the distinction between psychiatric and other hospitals. This was seen as the biggest political change in mental healthcare in the history of the NHS, During the 1960s the populist continued to move against the big hospital institutions Psychiatrists questioned traditional treatments for mental illness, with the introduction of new psychotropic drugs also meant patients could be more easily treated outside of an institution. Enoch, the former health minister was dubbed by some as the Father of Community Care; he argued that mental hospitals were effectively prisons, preventing the patients return to normal life. Powell also belief that community care would be cheaper than hospital care the new district general hospitals contributed to the reduction in the number of beds in mental hospitals from 150,000 in the mid-1950s to 80,000 by 1975. The Mental Health Act 1983 set out the rights of people admitted to mental hospitals, the introduction of legislation would give the mentally ill more rights allowing them to appeal against committal. In 1984 Sir Roy Griffiths led a government inquiry into community care, after the murder of social worker Isabel Schwarz she had been killed by her former client. In 1998 Sir Roy Griffiths report outlined the Community Care: Agenda for Action was the forerunner to the Community Care Act of 1990, major legislation which sets out the basis for community care as we know it today. The government invested an extra  £510m in mental health services in England, Frank Dobson the then Health Secretary said the extra  £510m for NHS mental health services over the following 3 years would add to the  £180m announced for social services care of the mentally ill. This would include a revision of the controversial care in the community policy. He also told the House of Commons that mental illness was not an obscure, minority concern, but affected one in six people at any one time. The  £700m will be broken down with at least  £500 million being ear-marked within for targeted change in the way services are delivered, around  £120 million will be spent on new and effective drug therapies and  £70m will go towards training mental health nurses and psychiatrists, and other care and clinical staff. The governments drive to Modernising Mental Health Services strategy document included a new national service framework it laid out guild lines on how they can best treat people and it clearly spelt out the range of services needed for the mentally ill. The new strategy included: More mental health beds, more supported housing and hostels, More training for health workers, Improved services for adolescents and young people Access for the mentally ill to the NHS Direct helpline Access to new mental health drugs More day centres for the mentally ill and more outreach teams and a 24-hour crisis teams. In the last five years mental health services in England is going through an unprecedented change. A Government programme has been launched to improve on the quality of mental health care, and improve the mental well-being of people in England; the policy has implementation guides and good practice examples. New Horizons: a shared vision for mental health is a comprehensive initiative that will be delivered by ten national Government departments. New Horizons forms an alliance of, local communities and individuals and the voluntary sector and professionals, to work towards a society that values mental well-being as much as physical health and it outlines the benefits of unlocking the benefits of well-being in terms of physical health, educational attainment, employment and reduced crime and in turn reducing the burden of mental illness. Conclusion

Technology in the Classroom Essay -- Technology Education

Computers play a large role in today’s society, inside and outside of classrooms. Like many forms of technology, they have the power to hinder students learning in achieving goals in higher education classrooms. In her essay Lest We Think the Revolution is a Revolution: Images of Technology and the Nature of Change, Cynthia Selfe, a Humanities Distinguished Professor at The Ohio State University, discusses the continuous argument about the effects that computers have on education due to change in technology. As a college student, I am able to closely relate to various statements she makes because I deal with these â€Å"issues† on a daily basis. Thus, the subject of computers in higher education classrooms is a controversial to many people. However, I do not believe that computer technology is a necessity in classrooms. While growing up, it is apparent that students have always had the opportunity to engage in technology in classrooms. As a child, I remember computers in the school library at a very young age. Therefore, I was able to type, search the web, and do various other things on a computer. However, one would think that as students progressed and advanced to higher grades that the technology would also advance and become more challenging however, it did not. Students have primarily been utilizing the same types of technology in classrooms for years on end and no problems have arisen from that. However, other forms of technology could potentially be useful in classrooms such as projectors, smart boards, and tools that teachers are familiar with to use. If new forms of technology are not a major necessity, why spend the money to buy them and the time on them? Also, if a student is not planning to make a career out of utilizing ... ...y. "Lest We Think the Revolution Is a Revolution: Images of Technology and the Nature of Change Cynthia Selfe." From Inquiry to Academic Writing: a Text and Reader. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010. Print. Wurst, Christian, Claudia Smarkola, and Mary Anne Gaffney. "Ubiquitous Laptop Usage in Higher Education: Effects on Student Achievement, Student Satisfaction, and Constructivist Measures in Honors and Traditional Classrooms." Jan. 2008. Web. 16 July 2008.

Plagiarism: The Illegal Recycling of Information Essay -- Plagiarizing

Plagiarism: The Illegal Recycling of Information Plagiarism is defined as using others people’s ideas, writings, and quotes without giving credit to the author by citing the material in the paper. Plagiarism can come from copying many things including charts, graphs, text, and music. Even paraphrasing an author’s work without citing it can be considered plagiarism. Plagiarism certainly has been around long before the first research project was assigned. One of the most famous scientists Gregor Mendel had his work plagiarized by another scientist Hugo de Vries in the 19th century.[1] Mendel had come up with breakthroughs in genetics, but no one realized what he had accomplished. Later in the early 1900’s, de Vries published a paper with very similar to Medel’s work. It was not realized until a third scientist Carl Correns was doing some similar experiments and read the works of both Mendel and de Vries. In his paper, he gave credit to Mendel and discredited de Vries’ work.[2] The problem of plagiarism has increased drastically over the years with all of the new electronic sources. Now, all that the student has to do is to copy an article, highlight it and paste it into a word processing program. It was not much harder for a student to plagiarize before the Internet. A lazy student could easily copy an entire section out of a book word for word and conveniently â€Å"forget† to cite the reference from which it came. It would take the professor forever to find this source especially if it was not well known. With just some quick manipulating of words, professors can be tricked into believing that they are looking at a new original work. There are several reasons why students... ... forced to stop selling term papers over the Internet. As long as professors stand strong in their fight against this illegal recycling of information, plagiarism will be cut down. [1]More, Randy. Rediscovery of Mendel’s Work. Bioscene, 27. 16-20. [2]More, Randy. Rediscovery of Mendel’s Work. Bioscene, 27. 16-20. [3]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [4]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [5]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [6]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [7]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [8]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [9]http://rbs2.com/plag.html [10]http://rbs2.com/plag.html [11]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [12]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [13]http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm [14]www.wordcheck.com, www.plagiarism.org [15]www.plagiarism.

Employment Discrimination Essay -- Gender Discrimination

Issue 1. Did ABC advertising discriminate against Jean on the basis of sex when they failed to promote her? 2. Did ABC discriminate against Jean because of her religious beliefs and practices? 3. Did ABC discriminate against Jean because of her national origin? Brief Answers 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ms.Riyadh has not proved enough evidence to conclude that ABC discriminated against her because of her sex. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes, Ms. Riyadh has some strong evidence that a reasonable jury might conclude that she has been discriminated against because of her religious beliefs. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No, Ms. Riyadh hasn’t any proof of being discriminated against because of her national origin. Pg3 Statement of Facts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ms.Riyadh has been employed as a account executive by ABC Advertising since 1978. ABC Advertising is a national marketing and advertising firm specializing in domestic and international advertising. She was hired by ABC after receiving her M.B.A with honors from the University of Michigan. While being employed by this company she has won three national awards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ms.Riyadh feels that ABC has illegally discriminated against her. She alleges that it is company practice to promote employees from within. She states that each year she has received â€Å"outstanding performance† evaluation ratings since she has been employed there ABC has never given her a promotion and has repeatly pasted her over for any.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ms. Riyadh claims that all the male employees hired between 1978 and 1988 in same classification as she is have received a promotion from one to four times, and they also earn higher salaries. None of these employees have won any awards and are marginal employees. Ms.Riyadh says only three women have been promoted since she was hired, but men do outnumber women in all positions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At a preliminary inquiry ABC’s response to Ms.Riyadh’s allegations were that she was not promoted because she doesn’t â€Å"fit the image† that is right for the higher positions. They claim that the higher positions have high visibility, require extensive travel and have increased client contact which include presentations before corporate and professional groups. Although ABC states that Ms.Riya... ...9 F. Supp. 2d 844, 855; 2000) Plaintiff did not show that his employers refusal to give him a light- duty assignment was because he was a Jew. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ms.Riyadh has proved that she is a good employee ABC doesn’t dispute this fact. She has shown that she is qualified for the administrative position. Ms.Riyadh has not proved enough evidence that she was discriminated against because of her sex or gender. Nor has she prove enough evidence that her national origin played a role in not being promoted . I feel that she has provided enough evidence of being discriminated against due to her religious beliefs and practices. A reasonable jury would likely conclude that ABC legitimate non discriminatory reason for not promoting Ms.Riyadh is merely pretext and that her failure to believe in drinking alcohol and eating certain foods would not interfere with a higher position with ABC. Pg11 Reference: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.lexis.com †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.eeoc.gov.com †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.findlaw.com †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Legal Research and Writing for Paralegals by Deborah E. Bouchoux

The Importance of Lipoproteins and How They Effect Our Body and Through Lifestyle Decisions How Cardiovascular Disease Can Be Prevented and or Controlled.

Hertig,Kathleen(1) The Importance of Lipoproteins and How They Effect Our Body and Through Lifestyle Decisions How Cardiovascular Disease Can Be Prevented and or Controlled. Insoluble in water lipids can be defined. To move lipids like fatty acid, triacylglycerols, steroids and fat soluble vitamins within the blood plasma, a mover protein is needed. Moved from the adipose tissue to the muscle, heart and liver tissues by serum albumin are fatty acids. Moved by the retinol binding protein is Vitamin A.There are steroid moverproteins that move steroids to the aimed cells. Majority of the body’s lipids(phospholipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol), are moved in the plasma by big complexes called lipoproteins. Lipoproteins makeup a center part of hydrophobic lipids encompassed by a shell of phosphotidyl glycerols and proteins. Protein parts of lipoproteins solubilize the hydrophobic lipids and include the cell targeting signals. Assorted according to their density are lipoprotei ns .The smallest density lipoprotein are the chylomicrons proceeded by the chylomicron remnants, very small density lipoproteins VLDLs, medium density lipoproteins, IDLs, small density lipoproteins, LDLs, and big density lipoproteins, HDLs. The densities of these lipoproteins are correlated to the relative parts of lipids to proteins in the complex. The bigger the protein amount the larger the density of the lipoprotein. (www. tamu. edu/faculty/bmiles/lectures/Lipid%20Transport. pdf). Chylomicrons: Moved from the intestinal mucosa cells to other tissues by lipoproteins that are referred to as chylomicrons, which are dietary lipids.Chlyomicrons are big and have the smallest protein to lipid ratio and therefore have the smallest density of all the lipoproteins. Chylomicrons include phospholipids and proteins on the surface so that the hydrophilic surfaces are in touch with water. The hydrophobic molecules are encompassed in the interior. The major apoproteins of nascent chylomicrons a re apo B-48, apo A-I, apoA-II and apoA-IV. In circulation, the nascent chylomicrons acquire apo-C and apo-E fromplasma HDL in replacement for phospholipids. The acquisitionof apo-CII fromHDL is substantial to start up lipoprotein lipase,LPL.Chylomicrons tie up to membrane bound lipoprotein lipases (LPLs). Lipase, LPL are placed on adipose and muscle tissues where the triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed into fatty acids. The fatty acids are moved into the adipose cell where they are again recombined into triacylglycerols and kept. In the muscle, the fatty acids are oxidized to give energy. As the tissues soak up the fatty acids, the chylomicrons gradually become smaller until they are decreased down to cholesterol enriched remains. As the chylomicron becomes smaller it moves a good portion of its phospholipids and apoproteins A and Cto HDL.The apo C proteins are continuously converted between chylomicrons and HDL. The remains missing apo A and C proteins will not bind to the LPLs in the capillaries. The remains are soaked up by the liver. Chylomicrons tie up to Lipoprotein Lipases in the capillaries of the tissues. Apo-CII is needed Hertig,Kathleen(2) to convert the LPLs. The LPLs hydrolyze the fatty acid ester bonds freeing glycerol and free fatty acids. The fatty acids are soaked up by the endothelial cells that line the capillary.LPL is serine esterase that is located mostly in muscle and adipose tissue. LPL is discharged out of the cell and is shifted to the lumenal surface of the endothelial cells lining the capillary where it is fastened to heparin sulfate. LPL is the most important enzyme responsible in the processing of chylomicrons and VLDLs. (dietheartpublishing. com/node/282). Very Small Densisty Lipoproteins: The liver combines fatty acids and cholesterol and wraps them up for movement into the blood plasma in VLDLs. The cholesterol is unesteried and instituted as a surface component of the lipoprotein.A large cholesterol diet changes the composition o f the VLDL with cholesteryl esters replacing for triacylglycerols as the major constituent of the lipid make up. The major apoprotein is B-100. The liver discharges VLDLs via exocytosis. VLDLs undergoes repeated changes in the plasma. First, the nacent VLDL obtains apo C and E fromHDL. VLDLs ties up to the same membrane bound lipoprotein lipases (LPLs) on adipose and muscle tissues where the triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed into fatty acids. The fatty acids are moved into the adipose cell where they are again recombined into triacylglycerols and kept.In the muscle, the fatty acids are oxidized to give energy. As the tissues soak up the fatty acids and monoacylglycerols, the VLDLs gradually become smaller making IDLs. As the VLDL becomes smaller it moves a good amount of its phospholipids and apoprotein C to HDL. IDLs can adhere to receptors of liver cells where they are soaked up in a manner to chylomicrons, or they can moreover be catabolized by LPLs, lastly unbinding apo-E to form LDLs. LDL,a cholesterol abundant lipoprotein which makes up apo B-100. LDL is the major plasma cholesterol mover. The concentration of LDLs absolutely correlates with coronary heart disease.LDL is sometimes referred to the bad cholesterol. Transporter of plasma cholesterol to the tissues is LDL. It serves as a source of cholesterol for the majority of the tissues of the body. Large levels of LDL are connected with the forming of atherosclerotic plaques that block blood vessels bring about heart attacks and strokes. (http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/l/low_density_lipoprotein. htm) Small Density Lipoproteins: LDLs tie to particular cell receptors found on the plasma membrane of aimed cells Glycoprotein is the LDL receptor that has a domain with negative charged residues.The LDL binding domain has electrostatic interactions withthe positively charged arginine and lysine residues of apo-B100. LDL receptors go to areas of the plasma membrane that are especially for endocytosis call ed coated pits. They get the name coated pits because of the clatharin protein coat on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. When the LDL ties to the receptor, the clathrin proteins advances endocytosis. When the vesicle is in the cell, the clathrin voluntarily separates from the endosomal vesicle.PH of the vesicle is decreased to such that LDL separates from the receptor. LDL receptors are converted to a reusable material to the cell surface. The vesicle combines with a lysosome which then lowers the lipoprotein to its main components, amino acids, cholesterol, glycerol and fatty acids. The cholesterol is merged into Hertig,Kathleen(3) the intracellular cholesterol pool which is utilized for the membrane. (http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/l/low_density_lipoprotein. htm) Large Density Lipoproteins: Discharged by the liver and intestinal cells are HDLs.Disk shaped, but they become round as they obtain free cholesterol from cell membranes and triacylglycerols from other lipoprot eins are nascent HDLs. The major function of HDLs is to eliminate excess cholesterol and carry the excess to the liver to be metabolized into bile salts. The duty of cholesterol elimination from the tissues is the inverse relationship between the plasma concentration of HDLs and the prevalence of heart diseases. Commonly known as the good cholesterol HDL. It is the mover of plasma cholesterol back to the liver. Enzymes that contain either esterify cholesterol or move cholesteryl esters are HDLs.Enzyme that circulates with HDL is Lechithin-cholesterol(LCAT)that catayzes the movement of long chain fatty acids from phospholipids to cholesterol to make cholesteryl esters. The lipid core of the Cholesteryl esters occupy HDL . Facilitation, keeping and movement of excess cholesterol is LCAT. It is activated by apo A-I. Exchanged between lipoproteins are Cholesteryl esters. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) which is another protein that circulates HDL. Promotion the net movement of cholesterol esters from HDL to LDL, IDL and VLDL in exchange triacylglycerols is CETP.By this process, it converts VLDLs and IDLs into LDLs. HDLs increase in size they gain apo-E which enlarges the binding of the HDL heads to receptors in the liver. The liver then soaks up and catabolizes HDL. (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/2642759 ). Dietary Considerations for Prevention and Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease: Vegetable oils that contain trans fatty acids should be removed from diets because of their correlation to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Saturated fats should be consumed in moderation in order to control or prevent cardiovascular disease. An even better combination would be ono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fats in place of saturated fats to reduce risk of cardiovascular diease. (Willett). A lifestyle of modifying risk factors can prevent and or control sudden cardiac death in in women. These factors would include not partaking in tobacco product use, weig ht that is healthy and maintained, and a diet that does not include any trans fat and limited saturated fat (Chiuve, Fung, Rexrode, Spiegelman, Manson, Stampfer and Albert). Not enough Vitamin D in our diet can negatively effect our musculoskeletal system and health. Since our heart is part of this system it can effect our cardiovascular health as well.Parathyroid hormone levels become increased with Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. This creates a chain reaction of events, insulin resistance becoming worse, which could cause systemic inflamatory process, high blood pressure, enlargement of left ventricle and diabetes. Increased cardiovasular death, there is a correlation with it and decreased levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. ( Shapees and Manson). Work Cited Adherence to a Low-Risk, Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women    Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD, Teresa T. Fung, ScD, Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH, Donna Spiegelman, ScD, JoAnn E.Manson, MD, DrPH, Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH, Christine M. Albert, MD, MPH JAMA. Carl S. Swisher Library. 2011;306(1):62-69. doi:10. 1001/jama. 2011. 907. Web. 6, April 2013. www. dietheartpublishing. com/node/282. Web. 6, April 2013. Dietary fats and coronary heart disease. Detail Only Available (includes abstract) Willett WC; Journal of Internal Medicine,Carl S Swisher Library, CIANL. 2012 Jul; 272 (1): 13-24. (journal article – review) ISSN: 0954-6820 PMID: 2258305. Web. 6, April 2013. www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/2642759. Web. 6, April 2013. http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/l/low_density_lipoprotein. htm.Web. 6 April 2013 www. tamu. edu/faculty/bmiles/lectures/Lipid%20Transport. pdf. Web. 6,April 2013. Vitamin D Supplementation for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention—Reply Sue A. Shapses, PhD, JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH JAMA. Carl S. Swisher Library. 2011;306(14):1546-1548. doi:10. 1001/jama. 2011. 1466. Web. 6 April 2013. Paper title:  Week 5 Part B Paper ID:  318310799 Author :  hertig, kathleen The plagiarism detector has analyzed the following text segments, and did not find any instances of plagiarism: Text being analyzed Result binding domain has electrostatic interactions withthe positively charged arginine and OK cquisitionof apo-CII fromHDL is substantial to start up lipoprotein lipase,LPL OK lipoproteins VLDLs, medium density lipoproteins, IDLs, small density lipoproteins, LDLs, OK concentration of LDLs absolutely correlates with coronary heart disease OK Majority of the body’s lipids(phospholipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol), are moved OK better combination would be mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fats in OK Dietary Considerations for Prevention and Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease: OK Vitamin D Supplementation for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention—Reply OK Results: No plagiarism suspected

Reflection on Teaching Essay

In differentiate to ch all(prenominal)enge my theory of article of faith I first regard very short to define it. When I was taught science it was mostly by direct learn. Any experiments performed were deductive in nature with very circumstantial input from me. When I got to college and I started playing experiments then I suddenly started having subatomic epiphanies where facts I had learned off by heart were unexpectedly connected in appearances I hadnt still before. So I came to signify that this was what was lacking at secondary aim, the experimental realise that allowed muckle to physically test the how of the initiation around them. To put it simply people are innately curious and that exploiting this distinctive boast is the way to teach. From the moment they learn to talk, children eer ask questions rough invariablyything, from where eyebrows enumerate from? to what do worms eat? Asking questions is the way they key things out and this really is safe unitary small step away from acquirement.From ad hominem roll in the hay of doctrine I see that Arnstine (1967) was correct when he said the stimulation of curiosity fundament lead to culturefor reading to occur, curiosity must(prenominal) be guided. Designing lessons in such a way as to run into the natural curiosity of assimilators and to connect the pollics on the propose with their everyday experiences is surely the topper way to teach science. I get under virtuosos skin interrogative sentence / constructivism extremely kindleing as it encapsulates the whole get their attention progress hardly I think its misused by an awful atomic pile of people. I think that analogies and real piece examples need to be reflective of the scientific construct yet simple affluent that the learner stinker grasp it. in addition it requires that the student be progressively involved, activities must proffer the opportunity to demonstrate learning.To pick up some supe rstar is not a plosive consonant of getting him to commit results to mind. Rather, it is to teach him to embark in the process that give ways possible the establishment of association. We teach a radical not to produce little living libraries on that clear, but quite to get a student to think mathematically for himself, to cut into matters as an historian does, to take parting in the process of stick out it offledge-getting.Knowing is a process not a product. (Bruner. J, The play of Education Towards a theory of culture 1966 72) So in approaching this identification I realise that I am an ardent supporter of teaching through interrogatory. I agree with Bruners theoretical manakin of building on pre-existing acquaintance by presenting modernistic material in a logical dash at a level the student can understand, revisiting topic in stages and building layers of ever increasing complexity. I find the concept of a spiral curriculum to be a sensible one, but in like manner to be at odds with the way in which individual schools plan the teaching of science. There is far too a lot relience on the text book, with strict alliance to the material inside. I prefer to distract the text book at home, for the student to be assigned adaptation and questions from it for formulation so that it is new and different and provides a slightly different aspect to the same topic.At the very least it allow provide the same training as was covered in class in a slightly different manner and provoke recall instead of boredom. A consequence of supporting enquiry is an averting to direct teaching. Those who support direct teaching say that it is a highly sound method of teaching. The basic components are elaborated theme analysis, sequencing of information and use of appropriate examples, specific didacticsal formats where both teacher and student responses are write and examination to mastery. The part that receives the most criticism is the scripted r esponses. Here is an example I put at Brainsarefun.com http//brainsarefun.com/Teachtk.html EXAMPLE1. All teacher and students touch the answer to be learned.2. instructor The answer to this question is, 1492.3. instructor When I signal I want you to answer, 1492.4. instructor The answer is 1492.5. Teacher What class did capital of Ohio upon) America?6. Teacher pound ready. Watch the students to prevail sure all participate.7. Teacher Signal by pointing or snapping fingers.8. All 1492.9. Teacher Thats right, capital of Ohio effectered America in 1492.10. Teacher Reward. Good job saying 1492. answer eye contact with individuals. Smile. 11. Teacher side by side(p) answer, or repeat until everyone is participating and firm. If whatever student is unable to participate or answer correctly, start at the top of the sequence again.Most teachers believe that this character of teaching is too restrictive and prevents the students from exploitation critical thinking skills. I ma intain to say that on my first reading of this example of direct teaching I was horrified at the way the students were indoctrinated. I knew that this method of teaching was not for me and I continued to develop my lesson plans along the constructivist enquiry model. I researched guided discovery and put that discovery learning is described as an inquiry- base, constructivist learning theory that occurs in situations where the savant draws on their existing knowledge to discover facts and comprehend relationships. Students interact with the world by manipulating objects, wrestling with questions or performing experiments.As a result, students are much seeming to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their own (in contrast to a transmittance / direct teaching model). Proponents of discovery learning say it has galore(postnominal) advantages, including encouraging active engagement, promoting pauperism, autonomy, responsibility, independence, aiding the development of creativity and problem settlement skills and is a tailored learning experience that helps minimize schoolroom management problems. Detractors point out the amount of time required to teach a topic and that students do not always achieve the think outcome of the lesson. That is they may draw anomalous conclusions about the investigation they are set-aside(p) in.My action researchNow that I have explored my theories on teaching I need to test those theories by comparison the outcomes of direct versus enquiry teaching. Ideally in order to compare the deuce methods I should keep the conditions of the lessons the same and only permute the method of instruction. Rigor woulddictate that I teach two groups of students that have been every which way segregated. The students would be in the same year of secondary school and assumed to be at the same academic level. major power within each group would be expected to mimic normal scattering with some students excelling and some strugg ling with the curriculum content. Unfortunately in my teaching rule stance I have one class of first years and one class of second years. I am also following a subject plan laid down by the science department in the placement school, which further restricts my research topic.Hence rather than directly compare and contrast two sets of lesson plans that differ in instruction but not content, I shall attempt to make my methods of instruction the subject of the action research. My aim is to design a estimate of lesson plans along the guidelines of both approaches and to de expectr these lessons as nonparasitic of personal bias as possible. I shall assess the success of each lesson plan as a measure of student value and under a number of points such as participation, motivation to learn, interest of students, as well as development in summative tests. Bearing in mind my own learning, I ordain also be critically examining something about my ability to deliver a constructivist less on do I do as I say? In assessing participation of students I will make reference to number, frequence and relevance of questions asked.Time spent on-task will be used to measure motivation and interest as will content of questions asked. In line with standard research methods I established a service line of knowledge on the topic of competency by giving the students a questionnaire which was intentional to probe existing conceptions. (more here on the results of the questionnaire) From my understanding of enquiry teaching at that place seems to be a number of activities that should run around in my lesson plans and I have assay to incorporate these in the enquiry based lesson plans. I have included a list of these activities here and have also identified them in the appropriate lesson plans. dubiousness activities Think about scientifically orientated questions that are at an appropriate level and ask how rather than why (teacher provides questions at first) Gather and cons ider evidence utilize the tools of science Make explanations based on prior gain fact and new knowledge gained through the process of enquiry / evidence gathering Compareconclusions to shortly scientific understanding and account for differences put across and negotiate their findings and explanations with separatesAfter the brainstorming posing I jotted down as many of the words and phrases as I could during class. Light, wave, geothermal, heat, renewable, sun, plants, photosynthesis, comes from food, plants make it, atomic bombs, it keeps you moving, you are tired without it, it can change, theres energy in batteries, joules, oil. Then I asked a serial of questions designed to clarify facts that they needed to know (3A6 Energy, 3A7 Energy conversion Junior security measures Science Syllabus). From the answers it was clear to me that the students could not cope between forms of energy and sources of energy. Because the discussion segment of the enquiry lesson plan is ope n-ended I was able to direct questions and highlight information on the board that students could use to discover facts.I tried to give nominal guidance but I found that the students were floundering and unsure of what they were trying to accomplish. This was a happen theme during the discovery lesson plans and it seems to me from my readings that this is the main detracting feature of enquiry instruction. Those who oppose constructivist / enquiry instruction such as Kisherner, Sweller and Clark (2006) argue that minimum guidance during instruction does not work and Clark (1989) goes further to suggest that his data shows that get aptitude students show a prejudice of learning on post instructional testing.My ConclusionIt is all important(p) that the teacher do research work, i.e., he should comb the subject of chemistry from end to end for facts and for methods of rendering that will make such facts live and real to his students. (Patrick, W. A. (1924) What kind of research is essential to good teaching? J. Chemical Education, script 1, Issue 1, p16.)I have come to the conclusion that there is a need for direct teaching in the classroom in order to build up foundation of facts in long end point memory to provide wellspring of knowledge which can be used to provide data when needed. Enquiry or discovery learning encourages the use of this knowledgeso that students can put facts together to think critically. Dewey supported inductive teaching as the way to improve scientific teaching for a better educated family and said science lessons should include learning the process of science not just the facts, (Dewey, 1903). By this I believe he meant that the two methods complement each other and need to be used in tandem. But direct teaching cannot be taken as an excuse for stereotypic lessons recycled every year with minimal input from the teacher needed in the delivery. If investigative activities are designed deductively, ie have only one conclusion, n eed more here about factors to consider when design lesson activities.